{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097069147","doi":null,"title":"FDI & Growth: What Causes What?","display_name":"FDI & Growth: What Causes What?","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097069147","mag":"2097069147"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"mag:2097069147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.198.9108&rep=rep1&type=pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103951527","display_name":"Abdur Chowdhury","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdur Chowdhury","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070020926","display_name":"George Mavrotas","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-1028","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-1028"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"George Mavrotas","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1653-1028","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1684,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":12,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87911951,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10415","display_name":"International Business and FDI","score":0.9692000150680542,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.015300000086426735,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10007","display_name":"Monetary Policy and Economic Impact","score":0.007000000216066837,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2000","display_name":"General Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foreign-direct-investment","display_name":"foreign direct investment","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/economic-growth","display_name":"economic growth","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fdi-growth-causality","display_name":"FDI-growth causality","score":0.8899999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/toda-yamamoto-causality-test","display_name":"Toda-Yamamoto causality test","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developing-countries","display_name":"developing countries","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chile","display_name":"Chile","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malaysia","display_name":"Malaysia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thailand","display_name":"Thailand","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bootstrap-tests","display_name":"bootstrap tests","score":0.4740000069141388}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33842695","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q490513","display_name":"Foreign direct investment","level":2,"score":0.7833915948867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64357122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1149766","display_name":"Causality (physics)","level":2,"score":0.7456843852996826},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6966803073883057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.6293480396270752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6144269704818726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151406439","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186588","display_name":"Time series","level":2,"score":0.5222383737564087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.45439839363098145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129824826","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2630107","display_name":"Granger causality","level":2,"score":0.43042343854904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3510599136352539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14864793419837952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1433686912059784},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"mag:2097069147","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/download?doi=10.1.1.198.9108&rep=rep1&type=pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7825999855995178,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W623206829","https://openalex.org/W953353200","https://openalex.org/W1503417628","https://openalex.org/W1503735001","https://openalex.org/W1543037062","https://openalex.org/W1566672184","https://openalex.org/W1588163064","https://openalex.org/W1770258438","https://openalex.org/W1910514793","https://openalex.org/W1970834709","https://openalex.org/W2009245764","https://openalex.org/W2018911226","https://openalex.org/W2078213728","https://openalex.org/W2081631040","https://openalex.org/W2101567517","https://openalex.org/W2108747612","https://openalex.org/W2112836762","https://openalex.org/W2119898223","https://openalex.org/W2166912928","https://openalex.org/W2171650106","https://openalex.org/W2289142558","https://openalex.org/W3121163108","https://openalex.org/W3121953689","https://openalex.org/W3123888140"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2122172204","https://openalex.org/W7095754635","https://openalex.org/W2101727412","https://openalex.org/W2121870217","https://openalex.org/W3126128311","https://openalex.org/W1906658188","https://openalex.org/W2086400311","https://openalex.org/W104856370","https://openalex.org/W2259624956","https://openalex.org/W2252670554"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,113],"paper":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,19,24,33,42,86,110,116,122,131],"causal":[4],"relationship":[5],"between":[6,23,109],"FDI":[7,60,84],"and":[8,52,70,90,98],"economic":[9],"growth":[10,71],"by":[11,121],"using":[12],"an":[13],"innovative":[14],"econometric":[15],"methodology":[16],"to":[17,38,129],"study":[18],"direction":[20],"of":[21,55,59,65,88,105,115,124,133],"causality":[22,108],"two":[25,111],"variables.":[26,112],"We":[27],"apply":[28],"our":[29,134],"methodology,":[30],"based":[31],"on":[32],"Toda-Yamamoto":[34],"test":[35,127,130],"for":[36,45,95],"causality,":[37],"time-series":[39],"data":[40],"covering":[41],"period":[43],"19692000":[44],"three":[46],"developing":[47],"countries,":[48],"namely":[49],"Chile,":[50],"Malaysia":[51,97],"Thailand,":[53,99],"all":[54],"them":[56],"major":[57],"recipients":[58],"with":[61],"a":[62,102,106,125],"different":[63],"history":[64],"macroeconomic":[66],"episodes,":[67],"policy":[68],"regimes":[69],"patterns.":[72],"Our":[73],"empirical":[74],"findings":[75,118],"clearly":[76],"suggest":[77],"that":[78,82],"it":[79],"is":[80,101,119],"GDP":[81],"causes":[83],"in":[85],"case":[87],"Chile":[89],"not":[91],"vice":[92],"versa,":[93],"while":[94],"both":[96],"there":[100],"strong":[103],"evidence":[104],"bi-directional":[107],"robustness":[114],"above":[117],"confirmed":[120],"use":[123],"bootstrap":[126],"employed":[128],"validity":[132],"results.":[135]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}