{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2097057516","doi":null,"title":"EQUIVALENCE SCALES DECLINING WITH EXPENDITURE: EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INCOME DISTRIBUTION*","display_name":"EQUIVALENCE SCALES DECLINING WITH EXPENDITURE: EVIDENCE AND IMPLICATIONS FOR INCOME DISTRIBUTION*","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2097057516","mag":"2097057516"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:usi:wpaper:611","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repec.deps.unisi.it/quaderni/611.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repec.deps.unisi.it/quaderni/611.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},"volume":null,"type":"preprint","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074771808","display_name":"Fabrizio Balli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Balli","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068631178","display_name":"Silvia Tiezzi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-7992","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-7992"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Silvia Tiezzi","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5998-7992","affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10446","display_name":"Income, Poverty, and Inequality","score":0.9897000193595886,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11898","display_name":"Economics of Agriculture and Food Markets","score":0.006599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14440","display_name":"Quality of Life Measurement","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/equivalence-scales","display_name":"equivalence scales","score":0.9419999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/household-consumption","display_name":"household consumption","score":0.44699999690055847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/income-distribution","display_name":"income distribution","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inequality-measurement","display_name":"inequality measurement","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/couples-with-children","display_name":"couples with children","score":0.5600000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regional-disparities","display_name":"regional disparities","score":0.4560000002384186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/north-south-divide","display_name":"North-South divide","score":0.5849999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/italian-households","display_name":"Italian households","score":0.47999998927116394}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138090074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572079","display_name":"Ceteris paribus","level":2,"score":0.7919535636901855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780069185","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7977945","display_name":"Equivalence (formal languages)","level":2,"score":0.7199212312698364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.7189978361129761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.5652111172676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45555294","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28113351","display_name":"Inequality","level":2,"score":0.5569002032279968},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30772137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164762","display_name":"Consumption (sociology)","level":2,"score":0.5459164977073669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780592820","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4734001","display_name":"Almost ideal demand system","level":3,"score":0.5167321562767029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C519300510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3915542","display_name":"Income distribution","level":3,"score":0.4245865046977997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4194730818271637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4249254","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3044431","display_name":"Demographic economics","level":1,"score":0.321567565202713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3181902766227722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.18213212490081787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.17397156357765198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.16185835003852844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:usi:wpaper:611","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repec.deps.unisi.it/quaderni/611.pdf","pdf_url":"http://repec.deps.unisi.it/quaderni/611.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"preprint"},{"id":"mag:2097057516","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://EconPapers.repec.org/RePEc:usi:wpaper:611","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:3121833111","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ideas.repec.org/p/usi/wpaper/611.html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306507717","display_name":"Department of Economics University of Siena","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Department of Economics University of Siena","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9629999995231628,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"},{"score":0.666700005531311,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/1","display_name":"No poverty"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1518805446","https://openalex.org/W1541874800","https://openalex.org/W1988201983","https://openalex.org/W2000877769","https://openalex.org/W2020571691","https://openalex.org/W2043894714","https://openalex.org/W2081590363","https://openalex.org/W2101059757","https://openalex.org/W2106499710","https://openalex.org/W2113031300","https://openalex.org/W2130118253","https://openalex.org/W2162815573","https://openalex.org/W2170513424","https://openalex.org/W2182204320","https://openalex.org/W2264180560","https://openalex.org/W2989672897","https://openalex.org/W3022399622","https://openalex.org/W3123627895"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2005768864","https://openalex.org/W7037756696","https://openalex.org/W3122662418","https://openalex.org/W2183414531","https://openalex.org/W2101059757","https://openalex.org/W7118121690","https://openalex.org/W6908304833","https://openalex.org/W2000877769","https://openalex.org/W4254961520","https://openalex.org/W4362635705"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,36,70],"estimate":[1],"expenditure":[2,40,68,108],"dependent":[3],"equivalence":[4],"scales":[5],"for":[6,64],"Italian":[7],"couples":[8],"with":[9,39,66,107],"and":[10,15,79],"without":[11],"children.":[12],"Following":[13],"Donaldson":[14],"Pendakur":[16],"(2006)":[17],"we":[18,101],"incorporate":[19],"the":[20,49,77,80,91,98,105],"generalized":[21],"absolute":[22],"equivalence-scale":[23],"exactness":[24],"(GAESE)":[25],"restrictions":[26],"into":[27],"a":[28,42,83,112],"translated":[29],"quadratic":[30],"almost":[31],"ideal":[32],"(TQAI)":[33],"demand":[34],"system.":[35],"obtain":[37],"declining":[38,106],"scales,":[41],"pattern":[43,109],"that":[44,56,73,103],"tends":[45],"to":[46,87],"strengthen":[47],"when":[48],"number":[50],"of":[51,94,115],"children":[52],"increases.":[53],"This":[54],"implies":[55],"scale":[57],"economies":[58],"in":[59,76,97,111],"current":[60],"consumption":[61],"are":[62],"lower":[63],"families":[65,74],"poor":[67],"capacities.":[69],"also":[71],"show":[72],"living":[75,96],"South":[78],"Islands":[81],"suffer":[82],"substantial":[84],"additional":[85],"cost":[86],"achieve,":[88],"ceteris":[89],"paribus,":[90],"same":[92],"well-being":[93],"those":[95],"North.":[99],"Finally,":[100],"find":[102],"ignoring":[104],"results":[110],"relevant":[113],"understatement":[114],"measured":[116],"inequality.":[117]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-26T08:19:03.415552","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}