{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096941296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774879.ch29","title":"Sex, censorship and media regulation in Japan: A historical overview","display_name":"Sex, censorship and media regulation in Japan: A historical overview","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-09-03","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096941296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774879.ch29","mag":"2096941296"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:lhapapers-2719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","pdf_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)","raw_type":"book_contribution"},"volume":null,"type":"book-chapter","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063359269","display_name":"Mark J. McLelland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-7904","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3243-7904"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","display_name":"University of Wollongong","ror":"https://ror.org/00jtmb277","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Mark McLelland","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Wollongong"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Wollongong","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5063359269"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":11.8132,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9739401,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"402","last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13303","display_name":"Asian Culture and Media Studies","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13303","display_name":"Asian Culture and Media Studies","score":0.2653999924659729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.22990000247955322,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13728","display_name":"Crime, Deviance, and Social Control","score":0.19200000166893005,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/media-regulation","display_name":"media regulation","score":0.6589999794960022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/censorship","display_name":"censorship","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pornography","display_name":"pornography","score":0.6990000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/child-sexual-abuse-material","display_name":"child pornography","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/manga","display_name":"manga","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obscenity","display_name":"obscenity","score":0.6140000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-regulation","display_name":"self-regulation","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/police-surveillance","display_name":"police surveillance","score":0.37599998712539673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/history-of-censorship","display_name":"history of censorship","score":0.6579999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/japanese-popular-culture","display_name":"Japanese popular culture","score":0.6489999890327454}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781301322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q291","display_name":"Pornography","level":2,"score":0.8779994249343872},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52930066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q543","display_name":"Censorship","level":2,"score":0.6809362173080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.5954204201698303},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529099274","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1004","display_name":"Comics","level":2,"score":0.5619792938232422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778137410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2732820","display_name":"Government (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5191649198532104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777154746","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660567","display_name":"Child pornography","level":3,"score":0.5186856985092163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780876879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3054749","display_name":"Meaning (existential)","level":2,"score":0.49967193603515625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.46573272347450256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776359362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2145286","display_name":"Representation (politics)","level":3,"score":0.4486343264579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.42226383090019226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29595303","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165650","display_name":"Media studies","level":1,"score":0.3661547303199768},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107993555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1662673","display_name":"Gender studies","level":1,"score":0.3597370386123657},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.327986478805542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.32179439067840576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.20056289434432983},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.18380111455917358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.15230178833007812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.11792787909507751},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C542102704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183257","display_name":"Psychotherapist","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:lhapapers-2719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","pdf_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)","raw_type":"book_contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/27777132","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/chapter/Sex_censorship_and_media_regulation_in_Japan_a_historical_overview/27777132","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Chapter"},{"id":"mag:2096941296","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4324/9781315774879.ch29","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=2719&context=lhapapers","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:ro.uow.edu.au:lhapapers-2719","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","pdf_url":"https://ro.uow.edu.au/lhapapers/1714","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400510","display_name":"Research Online (University of Wollongong)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I204824540","host_organization_name":"University of Wollongong","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204824540"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Faculty of Law, Humanities and the Arts - Papers (Archive)","raw_type":"book_contribution"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","score":0.6601999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2096941296.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2096941296.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W186406770","https://openalex.org/W241072696","https://openalex.org/W434746839","https://openalex.org/W611675212","https://openalex.org/W621117895","https://openalex.org/W630268471","https://openalex.org/W1509513204","https://openalex.org/W1553919085","https://openalex.org/W1590204988","https://openalex.org/W1661160959","https://openalex.org/W1980196237","https://openalex.org/W2020456714","https://openalex.org/W2072460433","https://openalex.org/W2104846628","https://openalex.org/W2315361247","https://openalex.org/W2320384604"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4414321481","https://openalex.org/W4246864330","https://openalex.org/W6994398245","https://openalex.org/W6992414506","https://openalex.org/W2948751896","https://openalex.org/W2612551037","https://openalex.org/W562657134","https://openalex.org/W4224304734","https://openalex.org/W2166603715","https://openalex.org/W2895924909"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Over":[0],"the":[1,8,12,24,55,60,73,80,90,164,191,207,215,235,239,244,265,274,302,318],"past":[2],"several":[3],"decades":[4],"alarmist":[5],"reports":[6],"about":[7],"supposed":[9,74],"dangers":[10],"of":[11,15,38,62,68,79,135,150,166,182,193,209,220,246,264,267,298,309,320],"sexualised":[13],"nature":[14],"much":[16],"Japanese":[17,275,299],"popular":[18,94],"culture":[19,120],"have":[20,92,107,184,222,287,304],"regularly":[21],"featured":[22],"in":[23,35,86,131,196,206,271,291],"English-language":[25],"press.":[26],"It":[27],"has":[28,71,177],"been":[29,72,223,289],"claimed":[30],"that":[31,49,109,139,154,286,295,317],"Japan":[32,87],"is":[33,153,322],"'awash'":[34],"all":[36],"kinds":[37],"pornography,":[39],"including":[40,102],"child":[41],"pornography":[42,183,247],"(Larimer":[43],"1999;":[44],"Fallows":[45],"1986:":[46],"38)":[47],"and":[48,137,188,212,218,332],"insufficient":[50],"attempts":[51],"are":[52,84,129,140,158,202,327,333],"made":[53],"by":[54,118,126,225],"authorities":[56],"to":[57,115,124,142,237,253,273,280,337],"properly":[58],"regulate":[59],"expression":[61,195],"sexual":[63,194,268,312],"matters.":[64],"A":[65],"major":[66],"concern":[67],"such":[69,103,169],"reporting":[70],"'dark":[75],"side'":[76],"(McGinty":[77],"2002)":[78],"manga":[81],"(comics)":[82],"which":[83,113],"ubiquitous":[85],"and,":[88],"since":[89],"1980s,":[91],"become":[93],"with":[95,147],"young":[96],"people":[97],"worldwide.":[98],"International":[99],"childprotection":[100],"agencies,":[101],"bodies":[104,221],"as":[105,122,170,205,249,251,339,341],"UNICEF,":[106],"argued":[108],"Japan's":[110],"classification":[111],"systems,":[112],"tend":[114],"be":[116],"self-regulated":[117],"various":[119],"industries":[121],"opposed":[123],"enforced":[125],"government-appointed":[127],"bodies,":[128],"ineffective":[130],"screening":[132],"out":[133],"representations":[134],"sex":[136],"violence":[138],"'harmful":[141],"youth'":[143],"(McLelland":[144],"2011).\\nOne":[145],"problem":[146],"this":[148,257],"kind":[149],"media":[151],"discourse":[152],"it":[155],"assumes":[156],"there":[157],"universal":[159],"standards":[160,187],"or":[161,172,325],"agreement":[162],"over":[163,311],"meaning":[165],"contentious":[167],"terms":[168],"'pornography'":[171],"'obscenity'.":[173],"As":[174],"Anne":[175],"Allison":[176,232],"pointed":[178],"out,":[179],"Anglophone":[180],"discussions":[181],"largely":[185],"overlooked":[186],"practices":[189],"concerning":[190],"regulation":[192,266],"non-Western":[197],"countries;":[198],"or,":[199],"when":[200,242],"they":[201],"attended":[203],"to,":[204],"case":[208,284],"Japan,":[210],"'practices":[211],"texts":[213],"involving":[214],"representation,":[216],"alteration":[217],"aestheticisation":[219],"judged":[224],"western":[226],"(or":[227],"universalist)":[228],"standards'":[229],"(2000:":[230],"54).":[231],"calls":[233],"for":[234],"need":[236],"'foreground":[238],"local":[240,338],"context'":[241],"analysing":[243],"genres":[245],"available,":[248],"well":[250,340],"attending":[252,279],"their":[254],"users.":[255],"In":[256],"chapter":[258],"I":[259,293,314],"offer":[260],"a":[261,281,296,306],"historical":[262],"overview":[263],"content":[269],"primarily":[270],"relation":[272],"print":[276],"media.":[277],"Through":[278],"few":[282],"specific":[283],"studies":[285],"not":[288,328],"discussed":[290],"English,":[292],"show":[294],"range":[297],"authorities,":[300],"particularly":[301],"police,":[303],"exercised":[305],"great":[307],"deal":[308],"scrutiny":[310],"expression.":[313],"will":[315],"demonstrate":[316],"contours":[319],"what":[321],"considered":[323],"problematic":[324],"dangerous":[326],"always":[329],"agreed":[330],"on":[331],"constantly":[334],"shifting":[335],"according":[336],"international":[342],"influences.":[343]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}