{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2096599546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","title":"The Problem of Evil and the Activity of God","display_name":"The Problem of Evil and the Activity of God","publication_year":1982,"publication_date":"1982-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2096599546","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","mag":"2096599546"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101458791","display_name":"New Blackfriars","issn_l":"0028-4289","issn":["0028-4289","1741-2005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Blackfriars","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035535181","display_name":"Ian O. Walker","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3149","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0079-3149"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ian Walker","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5035535181"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.32360477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":99,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"63","issue":"739","first_page":"25","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13144","display_name":"Theology and Philosophy of Evil","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13144","display_name":"Theology and Philosophy of Evil","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12440","display_name":"Karl Barth and Christian Theology","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13150","display_name":"Study and Philosophy of Religion","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/problem-of-evil","display_name":"problem of evil","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-action","display_name":"divine action","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-foreknowledge","display_name":"divine foreknowledge","score":0.5609999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-omnipotence","display_name":"divine omnipotence","score":0.8180000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/divine-goodness","display_name":"divine goodness","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theism","display_name":"theism","score":0.5809999704360962},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epicurus","display_name":"Epicurus","score":0.7689999938011169},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/philo-of-alexandria","display_name":"Philo of Alexandria","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alvin-plantinga","display_name":"Alvin Plantinga","score":0.8529999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-will-defense","display_name":"free will defense","score":0.48399999737739563}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200610012","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620805","display_name":"Theism","level":2,"score":0.8563652634620667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.7706917524337769},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778187809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062821","display_name":"Problem of evil","level":2,"score":0.736683189868927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.6354575157165527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776971825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1699404","display_name":"Existence of God","level":3,"score":0.5509216785430908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775901983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10797504","display_name":"Good and evil","level":2,"score":0.5169278979301453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136979486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q773483","display_name":"Existential quantification","level":2,"score":0.5004894733428955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27206212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34178","display_name":"Theology","level":1,"score":0.3507455587387085},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.06296378374099731}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1741-2005.1982.tb06251.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S101458791","display_name":"New Blackfriars","issn_l":"0028-4289","issn":["0028-4289","1741-2005"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":["poland-40","russia-white-list-4","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"New Blackfriars","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W36368053","https://openalex.org/W3135776893","https://openalex.org/W4236317879","https://openalex.org/W1557134302","https://openalex.org/W4234933275","https://openalex.org/W2914089884","https://openalex.org/W7062624264","https://openalex.org/W2611416634","https://openalex.org/W3134515532","https://openalex.org/W2883342296"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"Problem":[1],"of":[2,8,124,165,173,196,200],"evil,":[3],"from":[4],"Epicurus":[5],"via":[6],"Philo":[7],"Alexandria":[9],"to":[10,57,66,95,133,188,206],"today,":[11],"has":[12],"usually":[13],"been":[14],"presented":[15],"in":[16,119,210],"more":[17],"or":[18],"less":[19],"the":[20,43,117,121,197,208],"same":[21,122],"way.":[22],"We":[23],"are":[24,60,64,193],"generally":[25],"offered":[26],"three,":[27],"sometimes":[28],"more,":[29],"propositions:":[30],"1":[31],"God":[32,36,71,138,142,147,152],"is":[33,37,45,93,143,148,153,168,178,185],"omnipotent":[34,91],"2":[35],"good/loving":[38],"3":[39],"Evil/suffering":[40],"exists":[41,160],"and":[42,89,108,156,204],"suggestion":[44],"that":[46,137,141,146,151,158],"these":[47,166,180,211],"three":[48],"propositions,":[49],"although":[50],"all":[51],"believed":[52],"by":[53],"many":[54],"religious":[55],"believers":[56],"be":[58,67,189],"true,":[59],"mutually":[61],"contradictory.":[62],"These":[63,191],"held":[65],"contradictory":[68],"because,":[69],"\u2018if":[70],"exists,":[72,139],"then":[73],"being":[74,90,100],"omniscient,":[75,149],"he":[76,85,92,103],"knows":[77],"under":[78],"what":[79],"circumstances":[80],"evil":[81,110,159],"will":[82,104,111],"occur,":[83],"if":[84],"does":[86],"not":[87,112,194],"act;":[88],"able":[94],"prevent":[96,105],"its":[97,106],"occurrence.":[98],"Hence,":[99],"perfectly":[101],"good,":[102,155],"occurrence":[107],"so":[109],"exist\u2019.":[113],"Professor":[114],"Plantinga":[115],"sees":[116],"problem":[118,209],"much":[120],"kind":[123],"way:":[125],"..":[126],"five":[127,181],"propositions":[128,167,182],".":[129,130,131,161,162,163],"essential":[132,171],"traditional":[134],"theism:":[135],"a)":[136],"b)":[140],"omnipotent,":[144],"c)":[145],"d)":[150],"wholly":[154],"e)":[157],"each":[164],"indeed":[169],"an":[170],"feature":[172],"orthodox":[174],"theism.":[175],"And":[176],"it":[177],"just":[179],"whose":[183],"conjunction":[184],"said":[186],"...":[187],"self-contradictory\u2019.":[190],"writers":[192],"unrepresentative":[195],"vast":[198],"numbers":[199],"philosophers":[201],"who":[202],"see,":[203],"try":[205],"solve,":[207],"terms.":[212]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":16}],"updated_date":"2026-09-22T06:50:58.402377","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}