{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095930243","doi":null,"title":"The Effect of Teaching Vocabulary through Synonymous, Semantically Unrelated, and Hyponym Sets on EFL Learners\u2019 Retention","display_name":"The Effect of Teaching Vocabulary through Synonymous, Semantically Unrelated, and Hyponym Sets on EFL Learners\u2019 Retention","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095930243","mag":"2095930243"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 27-56 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048428212","display_name":"Elaheh Sotoudehnama","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67080706","display_name":"Alzahra University","ror":"https://ror.org/013cdqc34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67080706"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elaheh Sotoudehnama","raw_affiliation_strings":["Associate Professor, Alzahra University, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Associate Professor, Alzahra University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67080706"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044545162","display_name":"Faezeh Soleimanifard","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I67080706","display_name":"Alzahra University","ror":"https://ror.org/013cdqc34","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67080706"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Faezeh Soleimanifard","raw_affiliation_strings":["M.A. in TEFL, Alzahra University, Iran"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"M.A. in TEFL, Alzahra University, Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67080706"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I67080706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.0,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11587","display_name":"Second Language Acquisition and Learning","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10021","display_name":"EFL/ESL Teaching and Learning","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1203","display_name":"Language and Linguistics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10103","display_name":"Reading and Literacy Development","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-teaching","display_name":"vocabulary teaching","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synonym-sets","display_name":"synonym sets","score":0.8379999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantic-relatedness","display_name":"semantic relatedness","score":0.5630000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-retention","display_name":"vocabulary retention","score":0.9150000214576721},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vocabulary-knowledge","display_name":"vocabulary knowledge","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/efl-learners","display_name":"EFL learners","score":0.675000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/depth-of-vocabulary-knowledge","display_name":"depth of vocabulary knowledge","score":0.597000002861023}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777601683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6499736","display_name":"Vocabulary","level":2,"score":0.8852922916412354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173483453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1040689","display_name":"Synonym (taxonomy)","level":3,"score":0.6684392690658569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777152325","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q108163","display_name":"Proposition","level":2,"score":0.5658878087997437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.552749514579773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5212136507034302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.5089325904846191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145420912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853077","display_name":"Mathematics education","level":1,"score":0.4939916729927063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.48844924569129944},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.4472707211971283},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3018023364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425265","display_name":"Significant difference","level":2,"score":0.43474018573760986},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.41883155703544617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.4029979407787323},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.25857293605804443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.15738239884376526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157369684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34740","display_name":"Genus","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 27-56 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/93be0fa81abf469381cc5b4bb84ba9c9","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Issues in Language Teaching, Vol 2, Iss 2, Pp 27-56 (2013)","raw_type":"article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","score":0.9235000014305115,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":31,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W84249500","https://openalex.org/W203668661","https://openalex.org/W577534029","https://openalex.org/W1494385208","https://openalex.org/W1494420179","https://openalex.org/W1657454031","https://openalex.org/W1727534288","https://openalex.org/W1959343571","https://openalex.org/W1982153156","https://openalex.org/W1986800743","https://openalex.org/W2005978657","https://openalex.org/W2008062673","https://openalex.org/W2016959312","https://openalex.org/W2038339147","https://openalex.org/W2049510351","https://openalex.org/W2057588900","https://openalex.org/W2063765880","https://openalex.org/W2074350771","https://openalex.org/W2077387653","https://openalex.org/W2095444460","https://openalex.org/W2096034957","https://openalex.org/W2103403153","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2115981557","https://openalex.org/W2121382413","https://openalex.org/W2125079825","https://openalex.org/W2139824445","https://openalex.org/W2140008939","https://openalex.org/W2149085905","https://openalex.org/W2161720338","https://openalex.org/W3203356455"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1717712354","https://openalex.org/W1927795739","https://openalex.org/W7100003812","https://openalex.org/W2100081485","https://openalex.org/W2751620050","https://openalex.org/W2332097802","https://openalex.org/W2012540645","https://openalex.org/W7217716731","https://openalex.org/W2016959312","https://openalex.org/W7025511750"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Many":[0],"textbooks":[1],"include":[2],"semantically":[3,40,203],"related":[4],"words":[5,15],"and":[6,42,61,66,95,114,138,149,173,205],"sometimes":[7],"teachers":[8],"add":[9],"synonyms,":[10],"antonyms,":[11],"etc.":[12],"to":[13,18,31,104,179,192,219],"the":[14,25,33,79,84,107,115,127,161,185,211],"in":[16,102,184,222],"order":[17,103],"present":[19],"new":[20],"vocabulary":[21,37,80,89,112,119,123,170,187],"items":[22,81],"without":[23],"questioning":[24],"possible":[26],"effects.":[27],"This":[28],"study":[29],"sought":[30],"investigate":[32],"effect":[34],"of":[35,53,110,118,121,215],"teaching":[36],"through":[38],"synonym,":[39],"unrelated,":[41,204],"hyponym":[43],"sets":[44,165],"based":[45,71,82,189],"on":[46,72,83,190],"Higa\u2019s":[47,226],"(1963)":[48],"proposed":[49],"continuum.":[50],"A":[51],"total":[52],"120":[54],"Iranian":[55],"intermediate":[56],"EFL":[57],"adults":[58],"were":[59,155,209],"selected":[60],"classified":[62],"into":[63],"two":[64,145,150],"high":[65],"low":[67],"language":[68,174],"proficient":[69],"learners":[70,162],"their":[73],"PET":[74],"(2003)":[75],"scores.":[76],"They":[77],"learned":[78],"three":[85],"above-mentioned":[86],"methods.":[87],"Learners\u2019":[88],"achievement":[90,171],"was":[91,197],"measured":[92],"using":[93],"Paribakht":[94],"Wesche\u2019s":[96],"(1993)":[97],"Vocabulary":[98],"Knowledge":[99],"Scale":[100],"(VKS)":[101],"assess":[105],"both":[106],"quantitative":[108],"(number":[109],"learnt":[111,122],"[NLV])":[113],"qualitative":[116],"knowledge":[117],"(depth":[120],"[DLV])":[124],"by":[125],"administering":[126],"same":[128],"test":[129],"twice":[130],"with":[131],"a":[132],"two-week":[133],"interval":[134],"for":[135],"obtaining":[136],"ST":[137,169],"LT":[139,223],"results.":[140],"To":[141],"address":[142],"research":[143],"questions,":[144],"independent":[146],"two-way":[147,153],"ANOVAs":[148,154],"mixed":[151],"design":[152],"conducted.":[156],"The":[157],"results":[158],"revealed":[159,199],"that":[160,200,217],"from":[163],"synonym":[164,206],"group":[166],"gained":[167],"better":[168],"quantitatively":[172,201],"proficiency":[175],"level":[176],"proved":[177],"not":[178],"play":[180],"any":[181,193],"significant":[182],"role":[183],"learners\u2019":[186],"accomplishment":[188],"belonging":[191],"given":[194],"group.":[195],"It":[196],"also":[198],"hyponym,":[202],"set":[207],"groups":[208],"respectively":[210],"most":[212],"effective":[213],"methods":[214],"clustering":[216],"lead":[218],"less":[220],"forgetting":[221],"which":[224],"supports":[225],"proposition.":[227]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-09-29T14:09:16.559479","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
