{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095645192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","title":"Modeling the Interactions between Aerosols and Liquid Water Clouds with a Self-Consistent Cloud Scheme in a General Circulation Model","display_name":"Modeling the Interactions between Aerosols and Liquid Water Clouds with a Self-Consistent Cloud Scheme in a General Circulation Model","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095645192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","mag":"2095645192"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1175/jas3874.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131264402","display_name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","issn_l":"0022-4928","issn":["0022-4928","1520-0469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003658935","display_name":"Yi Ming","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-1305","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5324-1305"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Ming","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073539430","display_name":"V. Ramaswamy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-5338","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0552-5338"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"V. Ramaswamy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038683894","display_name":"Leo J. Donner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-7300","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1487-7300"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Leo J. Donner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039147245","display_name":"Vaughan T. J. Phillips","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-6718","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3768-6718"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vaughan T. J. Phillips","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022865217","display_name":"Stephen A. Klein","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-858X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5476-858X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282311441","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210138311"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen A. Klein","raw_affiliation_strings":["Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory, Livermore, California","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282311441"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084549469","display_name":"Paul A. Ginoux","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-2988","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3642-2988"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Paul A. Ginoux","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070763110","display_name":"Larry W. Horowitz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-3314","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5886-3314"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I191217947","display_name":"NOAA Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/03vmn1898","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1308126019","https://openalex.org/I1343035065","https://openalex.org/I191217947","https://openalex.org/I2802992173"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Larry W. Horowitz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory, Princeton, New Jersey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I191217947"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.5104,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96695332,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"4","first_page":"1189","last_page":"1209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10347","display_name":"Atmospheric aerosols and clouds","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2306","display_name":"Global and Planetary Change"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10075","display_name":"Atmospheric chemistry and aerosols","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10466","display_name":"Meteorological Phenomena and Simulations","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1902","display_name":"Atmospheric Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerosol-cloud-interactions","display_name":"aerosol-cloud interactions","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/droplet-number-concentration","display_name":"droplet number concentration","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-condensation-nuclei-activation","display_name":"cloud condensation nuclei activation","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-liquid-water","display_name":"cloud liquid water","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-forcing","display_name":"cloud forcing","score":0.4020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-indirect-effect","display_name":"first indirect effect","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sulfate-aerosols","display_name":"sulfate aerosols","score":0.8240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-aerosol","display_name":"organic aerosol","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sea-salt-aerosol","display_name":"sea salt aerosol","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liquid-water-path","display_name":"liquid water path","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cloud-radiative-effects","display_name":"cloud radiative effects","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anthropogenic-aerosols","display_name":"anthropogenic aerosols","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convective-updrafts","display_name":"convective updrafts","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-burning","display_name":"biomass burning","score":0.31700000166893005}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91586092","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757520","display_name":"Atmospheric sciences","level":1,"score":0.6130343079566956},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.6087303161621094},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778835443","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39061","display_name":"Northern Hemisphere","level":2,"score":0.5798031091690063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9075549","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40631","display_name":"Troposphere","level":2,"score":0.5779278874397278},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33332676","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906347","display_name":"Cloud condensation nuclei","level":3,"score":0.573782205581665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779345167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104541","display_name":"Aerosol","level":2,"score":0.5559070706367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779681926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4117936","display_name":"Sulfate aerosol","level":3,"score":0.5489205121994019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10899652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160329","display_name":"Convection","level":2,"score":0.518886387348175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49204034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q52139","display_name":"Climatology","level":1,"score":0.49138370156288147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778343803","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172290","display_name":"Sulfate","level":2,"score":0.48970893025398254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C85502700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2995540","display_name":"Liquid water content","level":3,"score":0.4890519082546234},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202887219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3895221","display_name":"Parametrization (atmospheric modeling)","level":3,"score":0.47153598070144653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197115733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1003136","display_name":"Forcing (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.44926026463508606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18101618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9346670","display_name":"Middle latitudes","level":2,"score":0.4351707100868225},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.3743630647659302},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79974875","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q483639","display_name":"Cloud computing","level":2,"score":0.2770153284072876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74902906","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1190858","display_name":"Radiative transfer","level":2,"score":0.19806236028671265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.17653265595436096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16107061505317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.14911913871765137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1175/jas3874.1","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1175/jas3874.1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S131264402","display_name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","issn_l":"0022-4928","issn":["0022-4928","1520-0469"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320260","host_organization_name":"American Meteorological Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320260"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Meteorological Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Atmospheric Sciences","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc878103","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 64, no. 4, April 17, 2007, pp. 1189-1209","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.8635","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.8635","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.gfdl.noaa.gov/reference/bibliography/2007/yim0701.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:lup.lub.lu.se:c92c05fa-8efc-44fb-8c8d-5ee4886db496","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://lup.lub.lu.se/record/4587521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400536","display_name":"Lund University Publications (Lund University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","host_organization_name":"Lund University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric Sciences; 64(4), pp 1189-1209 (2007)","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:907860","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/907860","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"mag:2269478044","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/m2/1/high_res_d/907860.pdf","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:info:ark/67531/metadc878103","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/","pdf_url":"https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc878103/","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400792","display_name":"University of North Texas Digital Library (University of North Texas)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I123534392","host_organization_name":"University of North Texas","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I123534392"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, vol. 64, no. 4, April 17, 2007, pp. 1189-1209","raw_type":"Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Climate action","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","score":0.9786999821662903}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1101028137","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W-7405-ENG 48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1702950523","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W-7405","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3177268909","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-7405-Eng-48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","funder_display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6445123630","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"-7405-ENG-48","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","funder_display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338286","display_name":"Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/041nk4h53"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095645192.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2095645192.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":51,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499181428","https://openalex.org/W1928911379","https://openalex.org/W1965473538","https://openalex.org/W1972585553","https://openalex.org/W1978739931","https://openalex.org/W1980685721","https://openalex.org/W1983408938","https://openalex.org/W1983961531","https://openalex.org/W1987640666","https://openalex.org/W1988723669","https://openalex.org/W1994191218","https://openalex.org/W1997635519","https://openalex.org/W2004044275","https://openalex.org/W2009279813","https://openalex.org/W2009308088","https://openalex.org/W2014059592","https://openalex.org/W2016162231","https://openalex.org/W2019059884","https://openalex.org/W2019906359","https://openalex.org/W2024612183","https://openalex.org/W2025809975","https://openalex.org/W2055178836","https://openalex.org/W2059471972","https://openalex.org/W2063359930","https://openalex.org/W2064256356","https://openalex.org/W2070497864","https://openalex.org/W2079003039","https://openalex.org/W2086138006","https://openalex.org/W2094317073","https://openalex.org/W2095598660","https://openalex.org/W2098439289","https://openalex.org/W2098531686","https://openalex.org/W2101834490","https://openalex.org/W2113902777","https://openalex.org/W2117073169","https://openalex.org/W2119744638","https://openalex.org/W2125201859","https://openalex.org/W2125203445","https://openalex.org/W2139250874","https://openalex.org/W2143468207","https://openalex.org/W2148592335","https://openalex.org/W2158669608","https://openalex.org/W2162061743","https://openalex.org/W2171183807","https://openalex.org/W2172467887","https://openalex.org/W2173852084","https://openalex.org/W2260624936","https://openalex.org/W3109070402","https://openalex.org/W4205470131","https://openalex.org/W4236270162","https://openalex.org/W6630018306"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2269478044","https://openalex.org/W2116814072","https://openalex.org/W4392654594","https://openalex.org/W7045492427","https://openalex.org/W4411806037","https://openalex.org/W2789481350","https://openalex.org/W4408431129","https://openalex.org/W2136950652","https://openalex.org/W6884759838","https://openalex.org/W4386789567"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"To":[1],"model":[2,57,331],"aerosol\u2013cloud":[3],"interactions":[4],"in":[5,28,104,123,209,272,278,286,293,326,401,408,421],"general":[6],"circulation":[7],"models":[8],"(GCMs),":[9],"a":[10,29,114,120,206,256,327],"prognostic":[11,102,202],"cloud":[12,15,63,220,338,343,425],"scheme":[13,70,103,203],"of":[14,51,62,79,94,100,117,191,194,212,247,263,268,282,298,320,419],"liquid":[16,215],"water":[17,216],"and":[18,41,86,89,197,219,235,243,250,274,297,310,341,348,365,405,407],"amount":[19,344],"is":[20,139,377],"expanded":[21],"to":[22,34,71,77,90,159,188,205,226,255,291,304,333,353,392],"include":[23],"droplet":[24],"number":[25],"concentration":[26,145],"(Nd)":[27],"way":[30],"that":[31,133,239,292,305],"allows":[32],"them":[33],"be":[35,135,393],"calculated":[36],"using":[37,227],"the":[38,47,49,56,69,75,95,101,105,124,131,142,160,171,181,189,210,228,240,283,287,299,318,337,361,373,397,402,409,416],"same":[39],"large-scale":[40,195],"convective":[42,199],"updraft":[43],"velocity":[44],"field.":[45],"In":[46],"scheme,":[48],"evolution":[50],"droplets":[52],"fully":[53],"interacts":[54],"with":[55,119,157,170,222,233,317],"meteorology.":[58],"An":[59,98],"explicit":[60],"treatment":[61],"condensation":[64],"nuclei":[65],"(CCN)":[66],"activation":[67,96],"enables":[68],"take":[72],"into":[73],"account":[74],"contributions":[76],"Nd":[78,118,138,153,335],"multiple":[80],"aerosol":[81],"species":[82],"(i.e.,":[83],"sulfate,":[84],"organic,":[85],"sea-salt":[87],"aerosols)":[88],"consider":[91],"kinetic":[92],"limitations":[93],"process.":[97],"implementation":[99],"Geophysical":[106],"Fluid":[107],"Dynamics":[108],"Laboratory":[109],"(GFDL)":[110],"AM2":[111],"GCM":[112],"yields":[113],"vertical":[115],"distribution":[116],"characteristic":[121],"maximum":[122],"lower":[125],"troposphere;":[126],"this":[127],"feature":[128],"differs":[129],"from":[130,141,322,357],"profile":[132],"would":[134],"obtained":[136],"if":[137],"diagnosed":[140],"sulfate":[143,161,249,355,420],"mass":[144,162],"based":[146],"on":[147],"an":[148],"often-used":[149],"empirical":[150,172,229],"relationship.":[151,230],"Prognosticated":[152],"exhibits":[154],"large":[155],"variations":[156,193,400],"respect":[158],"concentration.":[163],"The":[164,201,231,280,330,384],"mean":[165,260],"values":[166,321],"are":[167,308,315,390],"generally":[168],"consistent":[169,316],"relationship":[173],"over":[174,180,302,306],"ocean,":[175],"but":[176],"show":[177,238],"negative":[178],"biases":[179],"Northern":[182,288],"Hemisphere":[183,289,295],"midlatitude":[184,363],"land,":[185,375],"perhaps":[186],"owing":[187,352],"neglect":[190],"subgrid":[192],"ascents":[196],"inadequate":[198],"sources.":[200],"leads":[204],"substantial":[207],"improvement":[208],"agreement":[211],"model-predicted":[213],"present-day":[214,236],"path":[217],"(LWP)":[218],"forcing":[221],"satellite":[223],"measurements":[224],"compared":[225],"simulations":[232],"preindustrial":[234],"aerosols":[237,252],"combined":[241],"first":[242],"second":[244],"indirect":[245],"effects":[246],"anthropogenic":[248],"organic":[251,382],"give":[253],"rise":[254],"steady-state":[257],"global":[258],"annual":[259],"flux":[261,284,300,388],"change":[262],"\u22121.8":[264],"W":[265,270,276],"m\u22122,":[266],"consisting":[267],"\u22122.0":[269],"m\u22122":[271,277],"shortwave":[273],"0.2":[275],"longwave.":[279],"ratios":[281],"changes":[285,301,389],"(NH)":[290],"Southern":[294],"(SH)":[296],"ocean":[303],"land":[307,364],"2.9":[309],"0.73,":[311],"respectively.":[312,350],"These":[313],"estimates":[314],"averages":[319],"previous":[323],"studies":[324],"stated":[325],"recent":[328],"review.":[329],"response":[332],"higher":[334],"alters":[336],"field;":[339],"LWP":[340],"total":[342],"increase":[345],"by":[346,379],"19%":[347],"0.6%,":[349],"Largely":[351],"high":[354],"concentrations":[356],"fossil":[358],"fuel":[359],"burning,":[360],"NH":[362,403],"oceans":[366],"experience":[367],"strong":[368],"radiative":[369],"cooling.":[370],"So":[371],"does":[372],"tropical":[374],"which":[376],"dominated":[378],"biomass":[380],"burning\u2013derived":[381],"aerosol.":[383],"computed":[385],"annual,":[386],"zonal-mean":[387],"determined":[391],"statistically":[394],"significant,":[395],"exceeding":[396],"model\u2019s":[398],"natural":[399],"low":[404,411],"midlatitudes":[406],"SH":[410],"latitudes.":[412],"This":[413],"study":[414],"reaffirms":[415],"major":[417],"role":[418],"providing":[422],"CCN":[423],"for":[424],"formation.":[426]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}