{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095387919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","title":"Coherent, monolithic two-dimensional (10\u00d710) laser arrays using grating surface emission","display_name":"Coherent, monolithic two-dimensional (10\u00d710) laser arrays using grating surface emission","publication_year":1988,"publication_date":"1988-11-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095387919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","mag":"2095387919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.100293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076102545","display_name":"Gary A. Evans","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-7618","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9758-7618"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. A. Evans","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008859765","display_name":"N. W. Carlson","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"N. W. Carlson","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113487501","display_name":"J. M. Hammer","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. M. Hammer","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064497813","display_name":"Michael Lurie","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Lurie","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068954025","display_name":"Jerome K. Butler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-1196","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3295-1196"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. K. Butler","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003357240","display_name":"Stephen L. Palfrey","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. L. Palfrey","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022370451","display_name":"R. Amantea","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Amantea","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"L. A. Carr","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. A. Carr","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033516494","display_name":"F. Z. Hawrylo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Z. Hawrylo","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"E. A. James","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. A. James","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009039764","display_name":"C. J. Kaiser","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. J. Kaiser","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064037748","display_name":"Jay B. Kirk","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. B. Kirk","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075998403","display_name":"W. Reichert","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W. F. Reichert","raw_affiliation_strings":["David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"David Sarnoff Research Center, CN 5300, Princeton, New Jersey 08543-5300","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070463011","display_name":"Stephen R. Chinn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0237-8750","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0000-0237-8750"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. R. Chinn","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108135766","display_name":"J. R. Shealy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. R. Shealy","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009716916","display_name":"Peter S. Zory","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1332737386","display_name":"General Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/013msgt25","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. S. Zory","raw_affiliation_strings":["General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"General Electric Electronics Laboratory, Syracuse, New York 13221","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1332737386"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":17.5441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99636747,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"53","issue":"22","first_page":"2123","last_page":"2125"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.00139999995008111,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.0006000000284984708,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/two-dimensional-laser-arrays","display_name":"two-dimensional laser arrays","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaalas-laser","display_name":"GaAlAs laser","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surface-relief-gratings","display_name":"surface relief gratings","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/evanescent-coupling","display_name":"evanescent coupling","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injection-locking","display_name":"injection locking","score":0.7940000295639038},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/longitudinal-coherence","display_name":"longitudinal coherence","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/monolithic-integration","display_name":"monolithic integration","score":0.4970000088214874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-quantum-well-lasers","display_name":"single quantum well lasers","score":0.7509999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/far-field-emission","display_name":"far-field emission","score":0.5770000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777813233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1527816","display_name":"Grating","level":2,"score":0.7392049431800842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.7364140748977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.7013981342315674},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78336883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4779385","display_name":"Aperture (computer memory)","level":2,"score":0.5383942723274231},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131584629","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4308705","display_name":"Coupling (piping)","level":2,"score":0.5206589102745056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5064650774002075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121477167","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17154002","display_name":"Semiconductor laser theory","level":3,"score":0.5009558200836182},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.49862217903137207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781181686","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4226068","display_name":"Coherence (philosophical gambling strategy)","level":2,"score":0.46949246525764465},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6260449","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q41364","display_name":"Wavelength","level":2,"score":0.4535733461380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32277403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q740445","display_name":"Ridge","level":2,"score":0.4255495071411133},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2859928011894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24890656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82811","display_name":"Acoustics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1063/1.100293","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1063/1.100293","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S105243760","display_name":"Applied Physics Letters","issn_l":"0003-6951","issn":["0003-6951","1077-3118","1520-8842"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320257","host_organization_name":"American Institute of Physics","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320257"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Institute of Physics"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Applied Physics Letters","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":10,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1965805757","https://openalex.org/W1980022893","https://openalex.org/W1993689308","https://openalex.org/W2006265164","https://openalex.org/W2011324949","https://openalex.org/W2026193340","https://openalex.org/W2034130517","https://openalex.org/W2037000919","https://openalex.org/W2054185139","https://openalex.org/W2082624421"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2167753568","https://openalex.org/W2005399078","https://openalex.org/W2080308642","https://openalex.org/W2053289099","https://openalex.org/W4321468251","https://openalex.org/W1982019425","https://openalex.org/W2039947495","https://openalex.org/W1965160329","https://openalex.org/W2081132366","https://openalex.org/W2089227339"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two-dimensional,":[0],"coherent":[1],"AlGaAs":[2],"laser":[3,18],"arrays":[4,88],"consisting":[5],"of":[6,33,87,99],"100":[7],"(10\u00d710)":[8],"active":[9],"elements":[10,32,45],"have":[11],"been":[12],"fabricated":[13],"using":[14],"single":[15],"quantum":[16],"well":[17],"structures.":[19],"A":[20],"surface":[21],"relief":[22],"grating":[23],"is":[24,60,66,103],"used":[25],"both":[26],"for":[27],"feedback":[28],"and":[29],"outcoupling.":[30],"The":[31,71,96],"the":[34,44,55,58,100],"array":[35,42],"are":[36,46],"index-guided":[37],"ridge":[38],"lasers.":[39],"In":[40],"one":[41],"design,":[43,57],"coupled":[47],"laterally":[48],"by":[49,61,68,79],"evanescent":[50],"field":[51],"overlap":[52],"while":[53],"in":[54,105],"second":[56],"coupling":[59],"Y":[62],"branches.":[63],"Longitudinal":[64],"coherence":[65],"achieved":[67],"injection":[69],"coupling.":[70],"far":[72],"field,":[73],"emanating":[74],"from":[75],"a":[76,106],"60":[77],"\u03bcm":[78],"5":[80],"mm":[81],"aperture,":[82],"measures":[83],"0.01\u00b0\u00d71\u00b0.":[84],"Both":[85],"types":[86],"emit":[89],"more":[90],"than":[91],"1":[92],"W":[93],"peak":[94],"power.":[95],"mode":[97],"spectrum":[98],"emitted":[101],"power":[102],"contained":[104],"\u223c2\u20133":[107],"\u00c5":[108],"wavelength":[109],"interval":[110],"at":[111],"\u223c1":[112],"W.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}