{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095239249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","title":"Implicit Measures Reveal Evidence of Personal Discrimination","display_name":"Implicit Measures Reveal Evidence of Personal Discrimination","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095239249","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","mag":"2095239249"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/13594320902847927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162068045","display_name":"Self and Identity","issn_l":"1529-8868","issn":["1529-8868","1529-8876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Self and Identity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33471141","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061658991","display_name":"Dana Rose Carney","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Dana R. Carney","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015258558","display_name":"Mahzarin R. Banaji","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-7455","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5941-7455"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mahzarin R. Banaji","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078276438","display_name":"Nancy Krieger","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4815-5947"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","display_name":"Harvard University","ror":"https://ror.org/03vek6s52","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nancy Krieger","raw_affiliation_strings":["Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061658991"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":9.7066,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":35,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97359375,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":"2","first_page":"162","last_page":"176"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10314","display_name":"Social and Intergroup Psychology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10652","display_name":"Racial and Ethnic Identity Research","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12970","display_name":"Names, Identity, and Discrimination Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-discrimination","display_name":"implicit discrimination","score":0.4790000021457672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-discrimination","display_name":"self-discrimination","score":0.5320000052452087},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/implicit-association-test","display_name":"Implicit Association Test","score":0.6869999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/self-protective-strategies","display_name":"self-protection strategies","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/disadvantaged-groups","display_name":"disadvantaged groups","score":0.6240000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-identity","display_name":"social identity","score":0.3659999966621399}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779778163","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q774081","display_name":"Implicit-association test","level":2,"score":0.7958192825317383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.7867547273635864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780623907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106394435","display_name":"Disadvantaged","level":2,"score":0.7801194190979004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.6155149340629578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778355321","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17079427","display_name":"Identity (music)","level":2,"score":0.5870770812034607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98447023","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1540351","display_name":"Social identity theory","level":3,"score":0.5267350673675537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204421591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6007271","display_name":"Implicit attitude","level":2,"score":0.5047911405563354},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C47188148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2254571","display_name":"Personal identity","level":3,"score":0.4317348599433899},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.41952091455459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17235551","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3236990","display_name":"Self","level":2,"score":0.3302499055862427},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180872759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q874405","display_name":"Social group","level":2,"score":0.28062891960144043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.05902215838432312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107038049","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q35986","display_name":"Aesthetics","level":1,"score":0.0574076771736145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/13594320902847927","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/13594320902847927","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S162068045","display_name":"Self and Identity","issn_l":"1529-8868","issn":["1529-8868","1529-8876"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Self and Identity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/33471141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33471141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:dash.harvard.edu:1/33471141","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:33471141","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401540","display_name":"Digital Access to Scholarship at Harvard (DASH) (Harvard University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I136199984","host_organization_name":"Harvard University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I136199984"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Journal Article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7578999996185303}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","score":0.7099999785423279}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W578250053","https://openalex.org/W1965514675","https://openalex.org/W1979629631","https://openalex.org/W1980223127","https://openalex.org/W1996502045","https://openalex.org/W2004130882","https://openalex.org/W2005637544","https://openalex.org/W2010181842","https://openalex.org/W2029880396","https://openalex.org/W2060824655","https://openalex.org/W2062898551","https://openalex.org/W2076879021","https://openalex.org/W2105535487","https://openalex.org/W2106421465","https://openalex.org/W2110777095","https://openalex.org/W2115799398","https://openalex.org/W2128286068","https://openalex.org/W2129591056","https://openalex.org/W2129681452","https://openalex.org/W2134809246","https://openalex.org/W2140534852","https://openalex.org/W2145046219","https://openalex.org/W2152139345","https://openalex.org/W2155845082","https://openalex.org/W2156365350","https://openalex.org/W2157096064","https://openalex.org/W2162173963","https://openalex.org/W2166176269","https://openalex.org/W2168868160","https://openalex.org/W2171975196","https://openalex.org/W3022671937","https://openalex.org/W3128631334","https://openalex.org/W4205201874","https://openalex.org/W4231165370","https://openalex.org/W4240262739"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099406825","https://openalex.org/W1980223127","https://openalex.org/W2168868160","https://openalex.org/W2045268607","https://openalex.org/W1990059999","https://openalex.org/W2147661962","https://openalex.org/W2131387064","https://openalex.org/W7070372359","https://openalex.org/W7099619431","https://openalex.org/W2058002328"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"well-known":[1],"result,":[2],"the":[3,82,86,105],"person\u2013group":[4],"discrimination":[5,61,108],"discrepancy":[6],"(PGDD),":[7],"shows":[8],"that":[9,15,26,63],"members":[10,17,65],"of":[11,18,47,60,66,107],"disadvantaged":[12,67],"groups":[13,21,68],"believe":[14],"other":[16],"their":[19],"social":[20],"are":[22,29],"discriminated":[23],"against,":[24],"but":[25],"they":[27,77],"themselves":[28],"not.":[30,115],"In":[31],"this":[32,37],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"test":[35],"whether":[36,109],"explicit":[38,54,92],"self-protective":[39],"strategy":[40],"is":[41,89,111],"also":[42],"obtained":[43],"on":[44,81],"indirect":[45],"measures":[46,59],"personal":[48],"discrimination.":[49],"Three":[50],"experiments,":[51],"using":[52],"both":[53,97],"(self-report)":[55],"and":[56,102],"implicit":[57,83],"(IAT)":[58],"showed":[62],"although":[64],"do":[69,78],"not":[70],"explicitly":[71],"report":[72],"self-discrimination":[73,80],"(replicating":[74],"previous":[75],"research),":[76],"reveal":[79],"measure.":[84],"That":[85],"PGDD":[87],"effect":[88],"bound":[90],"to":[91],"measurement":[93],"should":[94],"be":[95],"recognized":[96,113],"when":[98,103],"implementing":[99],"research":[100],"protocols":[101],"understanding":[104],"effects":[106],"it":[110],"consciously":[112],"or":[114]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
