{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095046544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","title":"Improved detection of lymphocyte membrane proteins in purified form and as a crude mixture using native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by optimisation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue and silver staining","display_name":"Improved detection of lymphocyte membrane proteins in purified form and as a crude mixture using native and denaturing polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis by optimisation of Coomassie Brilliant Blue and silver staining","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095046544","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","mag":"2095046544","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1690644"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/elps.1150110112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2849398","display_name":"Electrophoresis","issn_l":"0173-0835","issn":["0173-0835","1522-2683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110081365","display_name":"Robert S. Warlow","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert S. Warlow","raw_affiliation_strings":["Psychology Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia","Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychology Department La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Psychology Department, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychology Department La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103026431","display_name":"Claude C.A. Bernard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-5328","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2816-5328"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I196829312","display_name":"La Trobe University","ror":"https://ror.org/01rxfrp27","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Claude C. A. Bernard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychology Department La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neuroimmunology Laboratory, Psychology Department La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110081365"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I196829312"],"apc_list":{"value":3940,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3940},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49054594,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"11","issue":"1","first_page":"53","last_page":"60"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10519","display_name":"Advanced Proteomics Techniques and Applications","score":0.9872999787330627,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1607","display_name":"Spectroscopy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/16","display_name":"Chemistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10412","display_name":"Microfluidic and Capillary Electrophoresis Applications","score":0.0027000000700354576,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11124","display_name":"Protein purification and stability","score":0.001500000013038516,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silver-staining","display_name":"silver staining","score":0.8479999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coomassie-brilliant-blue-staining","display_name":"Coomassie blue staining","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/native-polyacrylamide-gel-electrophoresis","display_name":"native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","score":0.9750000238418579},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sds-page","display_name":"SDS-PAGE","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/protein-detection-sensitivity","display_name":"protein detection sensitivity","score":0.6320000290870667}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780761556","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418516","display_name":"Coomassie Brilliant Blue","level":3,"score":0.9018126726150513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74864618","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2332446","display_name":"Staining","level":2,"score":0.8879039883613586},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25330733","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q907841","display_name":"Silver stain","level":2,"score":0.7818491458892822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.7005364298820496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.6200425624847412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101660505","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q898301","display_name":"Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis","level":3,"score":0.5609543323516846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778862431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q416002","display_name":"Polyacrylamide","level":2,"score":0.5338937044143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116084860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48255","display_name":"Gel electrophoresis","level":2,"score":0.507297694683075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.46235641837120056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40250595","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185098","display_name":"Electrophoresis","level":2,"score":0.4505857825279236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778913249","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q422241","display_name":"Sodium dodecyl sulfate","level":2,"score":0.4414098858833313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3496108055114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.18565621972084045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153911025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7202","display_name":"Molecular biology","level":1,"score":0.13974392414093018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188027245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750446","display_name":"Polymer chemistry","level":1,"score":0.05422338843345642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.053187787532806396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003102","descriptor_name":"Colloids","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004591","descriptor_name":"Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005404","descriptor_name":"Fixatives","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008214","descriptor_name":"Lymphocytes","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008565","descriptor_name":"Membrane Proteins","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008970","descriptor_name":"Molecular Weight","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012394","descriptor_name":"Rosaniline Dyes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012834","descriptor_name":"Silver","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012967","descriptor_name":"Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012997","descriptor_name":"Solvents","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013194","descriptor_name":"Staining and Labeling","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/elps.1150110112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/elps.1150110112","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2849398","display_name":"Electrophoresis","issn_l":"0173-0835","issn":["0173-0835","1522-2683"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ELECTROPHORESIS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:1690644","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/1690644","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Electrophoresis","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1775749144","https://openalex.org/W1970638092","https://openalex.org/W1975824339","https://openalex.org/W1977413513","https://openalex.org/W1977792770","https://openalex.org/W1978575428","https://openalex.org/W1979492674","https://openalex.org/W1986942414","https://openalex.org/W1991498111","https://openalex.org/W1993305231","https://openalex.org/W1998241369","https://openalex.org/W2014023325","https://openalex.org/W2014588493","https://openalex.org/W2018190353","https://openalex.org/W2023129826","https://openalex.org/W2026282909","https://openalex.org/W2030716442","https://openalex.org/W2044853699","https://openalex.org/W2047585996","https://openalex.org/W2071979729","https://openalex.org/W2073304307","https://openalex.org/W2074485117","https://openalex.org/W2078290185","https://openalex.org/W2082977889","https://openalex.org/W2088029702","https://openalex.org/W2090834556","https://openalex.org/W2095901736","https://openalex.org/W2101948512"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055832303","https://openalex.org/W2374049926","https://openalex.org/W2074485117","https://openalex.org/W1980788834","https://openalex.org/W2044181871","https://openalex.org/W2001240632","https://openalex.org/W1979492674","https://openalex.org/W2119460480","https://openalex.org/W2094413622","https://openalex.org/W2071979729"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Optimised":[0],"silver":[1,51,85,125,132,140],"staining":[2,57,79,126,141],"protocols":[3],"were":[4,21,62,109],"devised":[5],"for":[6],"the":[7,81,88,98,112,122],"detection":[8,71],"of":[9,36,59,77,83,102,124],"membrane":[10,60,103],"proteins":[11,61,104],"in":[12,23,67,73,105,127],"purified":[13],"form":[14],"and":[15,29,34,48,80,100,118,130],"as":[16],"a":[17,144],"crude":[18],"mixture.":[19],"These":[20,64],"adduced":[22],"both":[24],"sodium":[25],"dodecyl":[26],"sulphate":[27],"(SDS)":[28],"native":[30,74,107,128],"polyacrylamide":[31],"gel":[32,89],"electrophoresis":[33],"consisted":[35],"ethanol-acetic":[37],"acid-formaldehyde":[38],"fixation,":[39],"Coomassie":[40,114],"Brilliant":[41,115],"Blue":[42,116],"prestaining,":[43],"Rapidfix":[44],"pretreatment,":[45],"formaldehyde":[46],"enhancement":[47],"finally":[49],"ammoniacal":[50,131],"staining.":[52],"With":[53],"these":[54,93],"modifications,":[55],"numerous":[56],"problems":[58],"overcome.":[63],"included":[65],"reduction":[66],"background":[68],"staining,":[69],"enhanced":[70],"sensitivity":[72,123],"gels,":[75,129],"elimination":[76],"negative":[78],"avoidance":[82],"metallic":[84],"deposition":[86],"on":[87],"surface.":[90],"In":[91],"overcoming":[92],"problems,":[94],"some":[95],"factors":[96],"determining":[97],"colour":[99],"stainability":[101],"their":[106],"state":[108],"determined.":[110],"Both":[111],"anionic":[113],"dye":[117],"SDS":[119],"detergent":[120],"improved":[121],"was":[133],"more":[134],"sensitive":[135],"than":[136],"neutral":[137],"silver,":[138],"suggesting":[139],"to":[142],"be":[143],"charge":[145],"dependent":[146],"process.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}