{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2095002244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","title":"Biodynamic preparations: Short-term effects on crops, soils, and weed populations","display_name":"Biodynamic preparations: Short-term effects on crops, soils, and weed populations","publication_year":2000,"publication_date":"2000-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2095002244","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","mag":"2095002244"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0889189300008614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124372222","display_name":"Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems","issn_l":"0889-1893","issn":["0889-1893","1478-5498","1742-1705","1742-1713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Alternative Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5057902738","display_name":"Lynne Carpenter\u2010Boggs","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-406X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3903-406X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210119804","display_name":"North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02gb6hj86","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I4210119804","https://openalex.org/I4210154632"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Lynne Carpenter-Boggs","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiologist, USDA-ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiologist, USDA-ARS North Central Soil Conservation Research Laboratory, 803 Iowa Avenue, Morris, MN 56267","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210119804"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054505067","display_name":"John P. Reganold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-9919","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1434-9919"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John P. Reganold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Professor, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, 201 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Professor, Dept. of Crop and Soil Sciences, 201 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6420","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111609254","display_name":"Ann C. Kennedy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1312222531","display_name":"Agricultural Research Service","ror":"https://ror.org/02d2m2044","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1336096307","display_name":"United States Department of Agriculture","ror":"https://ror.org/01na82s61","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1336096307"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I72951846","display_name":"Washington State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05dk0ce17","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ann C. Kennedy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiologist, USDA-ARS Land Management and Water Conservation Research Unit, P.O. Box 64621, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiologist, USDA-ARS Land Management and Water Conservation Research Unit, P.O. Box 64621, 215 Johnson Hall, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164-6421","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I1336096307","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5057902738"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1312222531","https://openalex.org/I4210119804"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.9021,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":47,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94084008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"15","issue":"3","first_page":"110","last_page":"118"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.4041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12754","display_name":"Plant Growth and Agriculture Techniques","score":0.4041000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12294","display_name":"Agricultural Science and Fertilization","score":0.22310000658035278,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1111","display_name":"Soil Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11066","display_name":"Organic Food and Agriculture","score":0.1395999938249588,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodynamic-preparations","display_name":"biodynamic preparations","score":0.8629999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biodynamic-agriculture","display_name":"biodynamic agriculture","score":0.8769999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-farming","display_name":"organic farming","score":0.8109999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mineral-npk-fertilizer","display_name":"mineral NPK fertilizer","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lentil","display_name":"lentil","score":0.8510000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/spring-wheat","display_name":"spring wheat","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-yield","display_name":"crop yield","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-fertility","display_name":"soil fertility","score":0.8389999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-ph","display_name":"soil pH","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weed-populations","display_name":"weed populations","score":0.7419999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broadleaf-weeds","display_name":"broadleaf weeds","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grass-weeds","display_name":"grass weeds","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-nitrogen-concentration","display_name":"grain nitrogen content","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crop-quality","display_name":"crop quality","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780739461","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q212254","display_name":"Compost","level":2,"score":0.926810622215271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.8028542995452881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775891814","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101879","display_name":"Weed","level":2,"score":0.7058143615722656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780560099","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83323","display_name":"Fertilizer","level":2,"score":0.6535722613334656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38774213","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q202080","display_name":"Soil fertility","level":3,"score":0.6079423427581787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5733333826065063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.568795919418335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.4736845791339874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.4681221544742584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.372627854347229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1017/s0889189300008614","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1017/s0889189300008614","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S124372222","display_name":"Renewable Agriculture and Food Systems","issn_l":"0889-1893","issn":["0889-1893","1478-5498","1742-1705","1742-1713"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Alternative Agriculture","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","score":0.991100013256073,"display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","score":0.8518999814987183,"display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":37,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64946912","https://openalex.org/W209361345","https://openalex.org/W233765077","https://openalex.org/W1503202384","https://openalex.org/W1511918589","https://openalex.org/W1543945152","https://openalex.org/W1561299178","https://openalex.org/W1573098666","https://openalex.org/W1599334980","https://openalex.org/W1965494143","https://openalex.org/W1967991232","https://openalex.org/W1974459771","https://openalex.org/W1974845594","https://openalex.org/W1977324688","https://openalex.org/W1979196462","https://openalex.org/W1985647763","https://openalex.org/W2010983370","https://openalex.org/W2022156890","https://openalex.org/W2030030220","https://openalex.org/W2032770959","https://openalex.org/W2045027546","https://openalex.org/W2050997388","https://openalex.org/W2066749888","https://openalex.org/W2075435443","https://openalex.org/W2080570678","https://openalex.org/W2094154221","https://openalex.org/W2125259387","https://openalex.org/W2141245170","https://openalex.org/W2249520055","https://openalex.org/W2299915647","https://openalex.org/W2530960397","https://openalex.org/W2579415757","https://openalex.org/W2603704071","https://openalex.org/W3147254908","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W4299659918","https://openalex.org/W6727547401"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4405218392","https://openalex.org/W2070326","https://openalex.org/W25012688","https://openalex.org/W1965235691","https://openalex.org/W7217394974","https://openalex.org/W2955278300","https://openalex.org/W2050997388","https://openalex.org/W2046363667","https://openalex.org/W2603008681","https://openalex.org/W2969193538"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Biodynamic":[1,122],"agriculture":[2],"is":[3],"an":[4],"organic":[5],"farming":[6],"system":[7],"that":[8],"utilizes":[9],"fermented":[10],"herbal":[11],"and":[12,18,32,35,59,65,74,114,126,157,168,176],"mineral":[13,56,83,211],"preparations":[14,29,181,196,220],"as":[15],"compost":[16,93,100],"additives":[17],"field":[19,68,142],"sprays.":[20,69],"This":[21],"study":[22],"was":[23],"conducted":[24],"to":[25,101],"determine":[26],"whether":[27],"biodynamic":[28,67,86,141,180,219],"affect":[30],"lentil":[31,149],"wheat":[33],"growth":[34],"yield,":[36,71],"soil":[37,75,95,125],"fertility,":[38],"or":[39,88,193],"weed":[40,110,118,203],"populations":[41],"in":[42,79,163,171],"the":[43,108,116,131,140,195],"short":[44],"run.":[45],"Each":[46],"of":[47,92,134,139,148,190],"four":[48],"nutrient":[49],"treatments,":[50],"biodynamically":[51],"prepared":[52],"compost,":[53,55,87],"non-biodynamic":[54,89],"NPK":[57,84],"fertilizer,":[58,61,212],"no":[60],"were":[62,77],"tested":[63],"with":[64,82,103,145,179,192,201,206],"without":[66,99,194],"Crop":[70],"crop":[72,199],"quality,":[73],"fertility":[76],"similar":[78,198],"plots":[80],"treated":[81,178],"fertilizers,":[85],"compost.":[90,104],"Use":[91,138],"raised":[94],"pH":[96],"from":[97,185,218],"6.0":[98],"6.5":[102],"Compost":[105],"application":[106],"reduced":[107,115],"broadleaf":[109],"population":[111,119],"by":[112,120,210],"29%":[113],"grass":[117],"78%.":[121],"sprays":[123,143],"altered":[124],"grain":[127,155],"N":[128],"chemistry,":[129],"but":[130,213],"effects":[132],"are":[133],"unknown":[135],"biological":[136],"significance.":[137],"correlated":[144],"higher":[146],"yield":[147],"per":[150],"unit":[151],"plant":[152],"biomass,":[153],"lower":[154,202],"C":[156],"crude":[158],"protein":[159],"contents,":[160],"greater":[161,169],"content":[162,170],"soft":[164],"white":[165],"spring":[166],"wheat,":[167],"soil.":[172],"In":[173],"general,":[174],"soils":[175],"crops":[177],"showed":[182],"few":[183],"differences":[184],"those":[186],"not":[187],"treated.":[188],"Application":[189],"composts":[191],"produced":[197],"yields":[200],"pressure,":[204],"compared":[205],"equal":[207],"nutrients":[208],"supplied":[209],"any":[214],"additional":[215],"short-term":[216],"benefits":[217],"remain":[221],"questionable.":[222]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}