{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094640706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","title":"Treatment of Dystonia","display_name":"Treatment of Dystonia","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094640706","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","mag":"2094640706","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12671530"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3349026","display_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","issn_l":"0362-5664","issn":["0362-5664","1537-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"review","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061596611","display_name":"Jennifer G. Goldman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-7535","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5014-7535"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49886154","display_name":"Rush University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k9xac83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer G. Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jennifer_g_goldman@rush.edu","Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA","e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","reprint requests to Jennifer G. Goldman, MD, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612 USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush-Presbyterian-St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612, USA. jennifer_g_goldman@rush.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757","https://openalex.org/I49886154"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"e-mail: [email\u00a0protected]","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"reprint requests to Jennifer G. Goldman, MD, Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, 1725 W. Harrison Street, Suite 755, Chicago, IL 60612 USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757","https://openalex.org/I49886154"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062212464","display_name":"Cynthia Comella","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-4701","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7100-4701"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1285301757","display_name":"Rush University Medical Center","ror":"https://ror.org/01j7c0b24","country_code":"US","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cynthia L. Comella","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurological Sciences, Rush\u2013Presbyterian\u2013St. Luke's Medical Center, Chicago, Illinois, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5061596611"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1285301757","https://openalex.org/I49886154"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2703,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.28428928,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"26","issue":"2","first_page":"102","last_page":"108"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10919","display_name":"Neurological disorders and treatments","score":0.9413999915122986,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11274","display_name":"Botulinum Toxin and Related Neurological Disorders","score":0.05719999969005585,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2728","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11123","display_name":"Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum Disorders","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dystonia","display_name":"dystonia","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dystonia-treatment","display_name":"dystonia treatment","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/botulinum-toxin","display_name":"botulinum toxin","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drug-therapy","display_name":"pharmacotherapy","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/surgical-treatment","display_name":"surgical treatment","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/generalized-dystonia","display_name":"generalized dystonia","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-algorithm","display_name":"treatment algorithm","score":0.6389999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-life","display_name":"quality of life","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-outcome","display_name":"functional outcome","score":0.9679999947547913}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778559928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q906492","display_name":"Dystonia","level":2,"score":0.8713094592094421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.6333340406417847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777478456","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208413","display_name":"Botulinum toxin","level":2,"score":0.6165027618408203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779903281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888026","display_name":"Modalities","level":2,"score":0.6147732734680176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188198153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1613840","display_name":"Limiting","level":2,"score":0.5950955152511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C535046627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30612","display_name":"Clinical trial","level":2,"score":0.5047937631607056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779951463","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7268788","display_name":"Quality of life (healthcare)","level":2,"score":0.4977133572101593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177713679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q679690","display_name":"Intensive care medicine","level":1,"score":0.44395118951797485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020606620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179661","display_name":"Treatment modality","level":2,"score":0.4438605308532715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019692148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Therapeutic modalities","level":2,"score":0.427314817905426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99508421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2678675","display_name":"Physical medicine and rehabilitation","level":1,"score":0.33948904275894165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.32345879077911377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.2227853238582611},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.11530718207359314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.08443552255630493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000503","qualifier_name":"physiopathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004421","descriptor_name":"Dystonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000601","qualifier_name":"surgery","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002826-200303000-00010","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S3349026","display_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","issn_l":"0362-5664","issn":["0362-5664","1537-162X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-3"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical Neuropharmacology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12671530","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12671530","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Clinical neuropharmacology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9987000226974487,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":56,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1758758060","https://openalex.org/W1966707243","https://openalex.org/W1970151008","https://openalex.org/W1981263575","https://openalex.org/W1981710312","https://openalex.org/W1982537189","https://openalex.org/W1994363359","https://openalex.org/W1996679986","https://openalex.org/W2005346374","https://openalex.org/W2008683906","https://openalex.org/W2009184793","https://openalex.org/W2014539338","https://openalex.org/W2019239303","https://openalex.org/W2020077121","https://openalex.org/W2026146501","https://openalex.org/W2030727295","https://openalex.org/W2038316714","https://openalex.org/W2047179585","https://openalex.org/W2054493369","https://openalex.org/W2058393789","https://openalex.org/W2062384008","https://openalex.org/W2063262949","https://openalex.org/W2063750265","https://openalex.org/W2065773599","https://openalex.org/W2068370305","https://openalex.org/W2069235277","https://openalex.org/W2074509248","https://openalex.org/W2075937931","https://openalex.org/W2076934381","https://openalex.org/W2079216409","https://openalex.org/W2087921161","https://openalex.org/W2091122150","https://openalex.org/W2094502157","https://openalex.org/W2098800270","https://openalex.org/W2103595426","https://openalex.org/W2104616620","https://openalex.org/W2113530707","https://openalex.org/W2117988692","https://openalex.org/W2118225192","https://openalex.org/W2125006680","https://openalex.org/W2130017638","https://openalex.org/W2132309778","https://openalex.org/W2135481384","https://openalex.org/W2136455389","https://openalex.org/W2136917671","https://openalex.org/W2138546943","https://openalex.org/W2147888254","https://openalex.org/W2157965156","https://openalex.org/W2161390592","https://openalex.org/W2165951205","https://openalex.org/W2237378607","https://openalex.org/W2316815503","https://openalex.org/W2413860481","https://openalex.org/W4235137567","https://openalex.org/W4248881935","https://openalex.org/W4254915344"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4254438781","https://openalex.org/W4240204859","https://openalex.org/W2145092686","https://openalex.org/W1997615086","https://openalex.org/W4309246941","https://openalex.org/W1699688768","https://openalex.org/W2135352890","https://openalex.org/W1992785018","https://openalex.org/W4396928916","https://openalex.org/W4411825080"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Therapeutic":[0],"strategies":[1],"in":[2,21,85],"the":[3,22,94,113,116],"treatment":[4,23,39,118],"of":[5,9,24,30,48,90,96],"dystonia":[6,25],"consist":[7],"primarily":[8],"pharmacologic,":[10],"surgical,":[11],"and":[12,34,45,55,64,74,81,88,99],"supportive":[13],"approaches.":[14],"Many":[15],"recent":[16],"advances":[17],"have":[18,42],"been":[19],"made":[20],"with":[26],"newer":[27,72],"medications,":[28],"availability":[29],"different":[31],"botulinum":[32],"toxins,":[33],"surgical":[35,75],"procedures.":[36],"However,":[37],"these":[38,71],"modalities":[40],"all":[41],"limiting":[43],"factors":[44],"varying":[46],"levels":[47],"efficacy.":[49],"Studies":[50,84],"range":[51],"from":[52],"case":[53],"reports":[54],"open-label":[56],"trials":[57],"to":[58,69,102,111],"double-blind":[59],"placebo-controlled":[60],"trials.":[61],"More":[62],"research":[63],"larger":[65],"studies":[66],"are":[67],"needed":[68],"explore":[70],"medications":[73],"techniques":[76],"for":[77],"both":[78],"primary":[79],"focal":[80],"generalized":[82],"dystonia.":[83,104],"functional":[86],"outcome":[87],"quality":[89],"life":[91],"further":[92],"support":[93],"importance":[95],"discovering":[97],"safe":[98],"effective":[100],"means":[101],"treat":[103],"An":[105],"algorithmic":[106],"approach":[107],"may":[108],"be":[109],"useful":[110],"guide":[112],"physician":[114],"along":[115],"various":[117],"choices.":[119]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}