{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094635231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","title":"Mechanisms for Overyielding in a Sunflower/Mustard Intercrop","display_name":"Mechanisms for Overyielding in a Sunflower/Mustard Intercrop","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094635231","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","mag":"2094635231"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110733656","display_name":"Daniel H. Putnam","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2151","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4096-2151"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"D.H. Putnam","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Agronomy and Plant Genetics","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5077545168","display_name":"Deborah L. Allan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130238516","display_name":"University of Minnesota","ror":"https://ror.org/017zqws13","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D.L. Allan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dep. of Soil Science Univ. of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dep. of Soil Science Univ. of Minnesota 1991 Upper Buford Circle St. Paul MN 55108","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130238516"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110733656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":1800,"currency":"USD","value_usd":1800},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2152,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75498155,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"2","first_page":"188","last_page":"195"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12436","display_name":"Agronomic Practices and Intercropping Systems","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1102","display_name":"Agronomy and Crop Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12742","display_name":"Sunflower and Safflower Cultivation","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12058","display_name":"Allelopathy and phytotoxic interactions","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intercropping","display_name":"intercropping","score":0.8360000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunflower","display_name":"sunflower","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mustard","display_name":"mustard","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brassica-hirta","display_name":"Brassica hirta","score":0.9679999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/land-equivalent-ratio","display_name":"land equivalent ratio","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overyielding","display_name":"overyielding","score":0.7720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-fertilization","display_name":"nitrogen fertilization","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/soil-moisture-depletion","display_name":"soil water depletion","score":0.7379999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nitrogen-starvation","display_name":"nitrogen starvation","score":0.5759999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-competition","display_name":"resource competition","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/border-rows","display_name":"border rows","score":0.42899999022483826}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781208722","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853859","display_name":"Intercropping","level":2,"score":0.837303102016449},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.7265275716781616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779197568","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q423986","display_name":"Sunflower","level":2,"score":0.7079299092292786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168741863","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q777671","display_name":"Sowing","level":2,"score":0.681063175201416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778181364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171497","display_name":"Helianthus annuus","level":3,"score":0.6062612533569336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113578266","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1131303","display_name":"Loam","level":3,"score":0.5601511597633362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776747608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58677","display_name":"Brassica","level":2,"score":0.5217493772506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.4769948124885559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137580998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q235352","display_name":"Crop","level":2,"score":0.47079649567604065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189291117","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14714","display_name":"Achene","level":2,"score":0.4142794609069824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3261048197746277},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159750122","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q96621023","display_name":"Soil water","level":2,"score":0.2860831618309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144027150","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48803","display_name":"Horticulture","level":1,"score":0.1998485028743744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2134/agronj1992.00021962008400020013x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S139950591","display_name":"Agronomy Journal","issn_l":"0002-1962","issn":["0002-1962","1072-9623","1435-0645"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Agronomy Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.991100013256073,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.4390000104904175,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/15","display_name":"Life on land"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4388901086","https://openalex.org/W2289108773","https://openalex.org/W2082251122","https://openalex.org/W4390155701","https://openalex.org/W2330506327","https://openalex.org/W2267342956","https://openalex.org/W2605767643","https://openalex.org/W120937175","https://openalex.org/W4290030078","https://openalex.org/W3110450659"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Two":[1],"intercrop":[2,54,86,99,124,179,196,215,237,254],"patterns":[3,154,183,274],"and":[4,12,21,65,88,94,167,175,180,230,255,285,310,326],"sole":[5,181,204,223,241],"crops":[6],"of":[7,85,104,113,126,135,200,219,227,265,279,324],"mustard":[8,114,211,231,280,313],"(Brassica":[9],"hirta":[10],"Moench)":[11],"sunflower":[13,105,128,192,229,292,302],"(Helianthus":[14],"annuus":[15],"L.)":[16],"were":[17,67,80,170,232,256],"planted":[18,290],"in":[19,52,75,158,177,193,212,234,251,260,316,338],"1988":[20],"1989":[22],"on":[23,91],"a":[24,120,159,294],"Waukegan":[25],"silt":[26],"loam":[27],"soil":[28,283],"(fine\u2010silty":[29],"over":[30],"sandy":[31],"or":[32,144],"sandyskeletal,":[33],"mixed,":[34],"mesic":[35],"Typic":[36],"Hapludoll)":[37],"at":[38,140,142,172,293],"Rosemount,":[39],"MN,":[40],"to":[41,81,149,156,191,210,249,291],"examine":[42,82],"mechanisms":[43,69,330],"for":[44,63,70,298,331],"overyielding":[45],"[Land":[46],"Equivalent":[47],"Ratio":[48],"(LER)":[49],">":[50],"1.0]":[51],"this":[53,339],"system.":[55],"We":[56],"hypothesized":[57],"that":[58,276],"reduced":[59],"competition":[60],"between":[61],"species":[62],"N":[64,89,147,169,266,286,311,327],"water":[66,163,284,309,325],"the":[68,83,178,185,194,213,235,252,261,288,317,332],"previously":[71],"observed":[72,337],"yield":[73,95],"benefits":[74],"both":[76,228,282],"crops.":[77,242],"Secondary":[78],"objectives":[79],"importance":[84],"structure":[87],"fertilizers":[90],"resource":[92],"use":[93,323],"advantage.":[96],"A":[97],"strip":[98,195,214,253,340],"pattern":[100,125],"where":[101],"2.28\u2010m":[102],"strips":[103,112,289,314],"(76\u2010cm":[106],"rows)":[107,116],"alternated":[108],"with":[109,119,131,152,239],"2.28\u2010":[110],"m":[111],"(15\u2010cm":[115],"was":[117,138,303],"compared":[118,238],"more":[121,202,221],"intimate":[122],"row":[123,236,262],"76\u2010cm":[127],"rows":[129,134,189,208,278,307],"interplanted":[130],"four":[132],"15\u2010cm":[133],"mustard.":[136],"Nitrogen":[137],"applied":[139],"planting":[141,153],"0":[143],"112":[145],"kg":[146],"ha\u22121":[148],"whole":[150],"plots,":[151],"allocated":[155],"subplots":[157],"split\u2010plot":[160],"design.":[161],"Soil":[162,272],"content,":[164],"nitrate":[165],"N,":[166],"total":[168],"measured":[171],"different":[173],"locations":[174],"depths":[176],"crop":[182,205,224],"during":[184],"growing":[186],"season.":[187,318],"Mustard":[188],"adjacent":[190,209],"yielded":[197,216],"an":[198,217],"average":[199,218],"61%":[201],"than":[203,222],"rows.":[206,225],"Sunflower":[207,305],"40%":[220],"Yields":[226],"lower":[233],"respective":[240],"Land":[243],"equivalent":[244,335],"ratios":[245],"ranged":[246],"from":[247,287,312],"0.96":[248],"1.43":[250],"generally":[257],"below":[258],"1.0":[259],"intercrop.":[263,341],"Application":[264],"did":[267],"not":[268],"consistently":[269],"affect":[270],"LER.":[271],"depletion":[273],"indicated":[275],"border":[277,306],"obtained":[281,308],"time":[295],"when":[296],"demand":[297],"these":[299],"resources":[300],"by":[301],"low.":[304],"later":[315],"These":[319],"data":[320],"implicate":[321],"complementary":[322],"as":[328],"important":[329],"positive":[333],"land":[334],"ratio":[336]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
