{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094568705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","title":"Efficient quantum-key-distribution scheme with nonmaximally entangled states","display_name":"Efficient quantum-key-distribution scheme with nonmaximally entangled states","publication_year":2001,"publication_date":"2001-08-14","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094568705","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","mag":"2094568705"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physreva.64.032305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0101043","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034580482","display_name":"Peng Xue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2883","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4272-2883"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Peng Xue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028392578","display_name":"Chuan\u2010Feng Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8929","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6815-8929","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4569-7716"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Chuan-Feng Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035019045","display_name":"Guang\u2010Can Guo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-9185","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3771-9185"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I126520041","display_name":"University of Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04c4dkn09","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I126520041","https://openalex.org/I19820366"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Guang-Can Guo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Quantum Communication and Quantum Computation and Department of Physics, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, People\u2019s Republic of China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5028392578","https://openalex.org/A5035019045"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I126520041"],"apc_list":{"value":2675,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2675},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.7173,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82163629,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"64","issue":"3","first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10022","display_name":"Semiconductor Quantum Structures and Devices","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"quantum key distribution","score":0.9380000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-maximally-entangled-states","display_name":"non-maximally entangled states","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entanglement-based-protocols","display_name":"entanglement-based protocols","score":0.7699999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photon-pair-sources","display_name":"photon pair sources","score":0.46299999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-efficiency","display_name":"data efficiency","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/eavesdropping-security","display_name":"eavesdropping security","score":0.6600000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"quantum cryptography","score":0.30300000309944153}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776788033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q320769","display_name":"Eavesdropping","level":2,"score":0.8968247175216675},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198104137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q974688","display_name":"Communication source","level":2,"score":0.7452111840248108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.6324856877326965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121040770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q215675","display_name":"Quantum entanglement","level":3,"score":0.5764204263687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.5467589497566223},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.5213552713394165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4914206266403198},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.46400442719459534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4273115396499634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159317903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3198","display_name":"Photon","level":2,"score":0.35801568627357483},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.35136887431144714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.33013221621513367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2521841824054718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.25158900022506714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.14205721020698547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.11844280362129211},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physreva.64.032305","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physreva.64.032305","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S164566984","display_name":"Physical Review A","issn_l":"0556-2791","issn":["0556-2791","1050-2947","1094-1622","1538-4446","2469-9926","2469-9934","2469-9942"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-2","poland-100","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review A","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0101043","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101043","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0101043","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:483211","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/483211","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0101043","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0101043","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.quant-ph/0101043","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:quant-ph/0101043","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/quant-ph/0101043","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/quant-ph/0101043","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2094568705.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2094568705.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970006170","https://openalex.org/W1976626804","https://openalex.org/W1997124098","https://openalex.org/W2006226307","https://openalex.org/W2018263239","https://openalex.org/W2025537762","https://openalex.org/W2028732864","https://openalex.org/W2028815089","https://openalex.org/W2033909248","https://openalex.org/W2038359097","https://openalex.org/W2049471987","https://openalex.org/W2051051926","https://openalex.org/W2071764857","https://openalex.org/W2073659633","https://openalex.org/W2107914128","https://openalex.org/W2142179838","https://openalex.org/W4214950786"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2134099878","https://openalex.org/W7009433616","https://openalex.org/W2376378037","https://openalex.org/W2023418856","https://openalex.org/W2949963095","https://openalex.org/W2013124977","https://openalex.org/W1636308117","https://openalex.org/W2018263239","https://openalex.org/W2086305141","https://openalex.org/W3107983760"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,67],"propose":[1],"an":[2],"efficient":[3,108],"quantum-key-distribution":[4],"scheme":[5,97,105],"based":[6],"on":[7],"entanglement.":[8],"The":[9,37],"sender":[10,38],"chooses":[11],"pairs":[12],"of":[13,17,29,56,95,111,114],"photons":[14,30],"in":[15,63],"one":[16],"the":[18,35,43,54,93,115],"two":[19],"equivalent":[20],"nonmaximally":[21,116],"entangled":[22,117],"states":[23,118],"randomly,":[24],"and":[25,39,59,87,119],"sends":[26],"a":[27,60,99],"sequence":[28],"from":[31,42],"each":[32],"pair":[33],"to":[34],"receiver.":[36],"receiver":[40],"choose":[41],"various":[44],"bases":[45],"independently":[46],"but":[47],"with":[48],"substantially":[49],"different":[50],"probabilities,":[51],"thus":[52],"reducing":[53],"fraction":[55],"discarded":[57],"data,":[58],"significant":[61],"gain":[62],"efficiency":[64],"is":[65,106],"achieved.":[66],"then":[68],"show":[69],"that":[70,75],"refined":[71],"data":[72],"analysis":[73],"like":[74],"proposed":[76],"by":[77],"Lo":[78],"et":[79],"al.":[80],"(H.":[81],"K.":[82],"Lo,":[83],"H.":[84],"F.":[85],"Chau,":[86],"M.":[88],"Adrehali,":[89],"e-print":[90],"quant-ph/0011056)":[91],"guarantees":[92],"security":[94],"our":[96,104],"against":[98],"biased":[100,120],"eavesdropping":[101],"strategy.":[102],"Remarkably,":[103],"more":[107],"than":[109],"distillation":[110],"singlets":[112],"out":[113],"detection":[121],"afterward.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-11T12:16:26.678958","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}