{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094533217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","title":"Biological and optical properties of mesoscale coccolithophore blooms in the Gulf of Maine","display_name":"Biological and optical properties of mesoscale coccolithophore blooms in the Gulf of Maine","publication_year":1991,"publication_date":"1991-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094533217","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","mag":"2094533217"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207705515","display_name":"Limnology and Oceanography","issn_l":"0024-3590","issn":["0024-3590","1939-5590","1939-5604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Limnology and Oceanography","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067712605","display_name":"William M. Balch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-195X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4926-195X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"William M. Balch","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149-1098"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Marine Biology and Fisheries, Rosenstiel School for Marine and Atmospheric Science, University of Miami, 4600 Rickenbacker Causeway, Miami, Florida 33149-1098","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111947087","display_name":"Patrick M. Holligan","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802566253","display_name":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05av9mn02","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802566253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Patrick M. Holligan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Plymouth Marine Laboratory, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Plymouth Marine Laboratory, West Hoe, Plymouth PL1 3DH, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802566253"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052682958","display_name":"Steven G. Ackleson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-5629","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4102-5629"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2800663845","display_name":"Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences","ror":"https://ror.org/03v2r6x37","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2800663845"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steven G. Ackleson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bigelow Laboratory for Ocean Sciences, McKown Point, West Boothbay Harbor, Maine 04575","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2800663845"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021866278","display_name":"Kenneth J. Voss","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5080","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7860-5080"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I145608581","display_name":"University of Miami","ror":"https://ror.org/02dgjyy92","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth J. Voss","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida 33124","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I145608581"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3530,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3530},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.3449,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":337,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99803343,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"4","first_page":"629","last_page":"643"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10032","display_name":"Marine Plankton and Biogeochemistry","score":0.9926999807357788,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10236","display_name":"Aquatic Ecosystems and Phytoplankton Dynamics","score":0.003800000064074993,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2304","display_name":"Environmental Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10255","display_name":"Oceanographic and Atmospheric Processes","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1910","display_name":"Oceanography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/19","display_name":"Earth and Planetary Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coccolithophore-blooms","display_name":"coccolithophore blooms","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/backscattering","display_name":"backscattering","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/diffuse-attenuation","display_name":"diffuse attenuation","score":0.7710000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/water-leaving-radiance","display_name":"water-leaving radiance","score":0.7360000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorophyll","display_name":"chlorophyll","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/organic-carbon-production","display_name":"organic carbon production","score":0.5960000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing-of-phytoplankton","display_name":"remote sensing of phytoplankton","score":0.6660000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gulf-of-maine","display_name":"Gulf of Maine","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-absorption","display_name":"optical absorption","score":0.6430000066757202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776926057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q608189","display_name":"Coccolith","level":3,"score":0.9843764305114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776056130","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1647990","display_name":"Coccolithophore","level":4,"score":0.9349878430366516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C155567681","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2987425","display_name":"Bloom","level":2,"score":0.8400366306304932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777339954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q136904","display_name":"Emiliania huxleyi","level":4,"score":0.7568396329879761},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120305227","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326139","display_name":"Algal bloom","level":4,"score":0.5414687395095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111368507","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43518","display_name":"Oceanography","level":1,"score":0.5156315565109253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778902199","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133878","display_name":"Chlorophyll a","level":2,"score":0.4848400354385376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184652730","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2357982","display_name":"Attenuation","level":2,"score":0.48354220390319824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C559758991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37868","display_name":"Algae","level":2,"score":0.43602699041366577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23690007","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411145","display_name":"Radiance","level":2,"score":0.42802536487579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77942228","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191468","display_name":"Pelagic zone","level":2,"score":0.4155261516571045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.3860616087913513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780892065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184755","display_name":"Phytoplankton","level":3,"score":0.357168048620224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.30178266763687134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.2785150408744812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.2528613805770874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.24167093634605408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1781306266784668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.17649465799331665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.16266819834709167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780659211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181699","display_name":"Carbonate","level":2,"score":0.15877985954284668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.15579506754875183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.12632235884666443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4319/lo.1991.36.4.0629","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S207705515","display_name":"Limnology and Oceanography","issn_l":"0024-3590","issn":["0024-3590","1939-5590","1939-5604"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-3","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Limnology and Oceanography","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Life below water","score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W88482293","https://openalex.org/W1980737855","https://openalex.org/W2026094498","https://openalex.org/W2027975676","https://openalex.org/W2029485333","https://openalex.org/W2046045121","https://openalex.org/W2062341500","https://openalex.org/W2082678969","https://openalex.org/W2092985649","https://openalex.org/W2110033884","https://openalex.org/W2122740235","https://openalex.org/W2132497658","https://openalex.org/W2168684271","https://openalex.org/W2334177307","https://openalex.org/W2497874945","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2124117332","https://openalex.org/W2119561301","https://openalex.org/W7095948493","https://openalex.org/W2082455954","https://openalex.org/W2063722081","https://openalex.org/W3107779380","https://openalex.org/W4387697862","https://openalex.org/W3036953587","https://openalex.org/W2066494030","https://openalex.org/W2127457144"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Two":[0],"coccolithophore":[1,99],"blooms":[2],"in":[3,10,20,57,150,197],"the":[4,25,30,58,69,87,128,151,157,161,164,170,177,198],"Gulf":[5],"of":[6,29,43,62,74,156,163,169,176],"Maine":[7],"were":[8,36,48,83,137],"studied":[9],"1988":[11],"and":[12,22,40,66,89,98,109,126,153,173],"1989.":[13],"Each":[14],"bloom":[15,59,70,88],"was":[16,55,103,110,148],"about":[17],"50,000":[18],"km2":[19],"area":[21],"confined":[23],"to":[24,133,185,193],"top":[26],"20":[27],"m":[28],"water":[31],"column.":[32],"Maximal":[33],"cell":[34,53],"concentrations":[35,82,188],"2,000":[37],"cells":[38,136],"ml\u22121":[39,47],"coccolith":[41,51,107,131,187],"densities":[42],"3":[44],"\u00d7":[45],"105":[46],"observed.":[49],"The":[50,181],":":[52],"ratio":[54],"highest":[56],"center":[60,162],"(region":[61],"most":[63,182],"intense":[64],"reflectance)":[65],"lowest":[67,149],"at":[68],"periphery,":[71],"an":[72],"indication":[73],"varying":[75],"organic":[76],"vs.":[77],"inorganic":[78],"C":[79],"production.":[80],"Chlorophyll":[81],"generally":[84],"low":[85],"within":[86],"no":[90],"relation":[91],"could":[92],"be":[93],"observed":[94],"between":[95],"major":[96],"nutrients":[97],"abundance.":[100],"Backscattered":[101],"light":[102,139,144],"profoundly":[104],"affected":[105],"by":[106,124],"density":[108,132],"slightly":[111],"wavelength\u2010dependent.":[112],"We":[113],"calculated":[114],"total":[115],"backscattering":[116,120,171],"as":[117,119],"well":[118],"(bb)":[121],"caused":[122],"exclusively":[123],"coccoliths":[125,141,166],"derived":[127],"algorithm":[129],"relating":[130],"backscattering.":[134],"Although":[135],"efficient":[138],"absorbers,":[140],"showed":[142],"negligible":[143],"absorption.":[145],"Diffuse":[146],"attenuation":[147,179],"green":[152,199],"blue\u2010green":[154],"part":[155],"visible":[158],"spectrum.":[159],"At":[160],"bloom,":[165],"contributed":[167],">75%":[168],"signal":[172],">":[174],"50%":[175],"beam":[178],"signal.":[180],"accurate":[183],"way":[184],"estimate":[186],"via":[189],"remote":[190],"sensing":[191],"is":[192],"measure":[194],"water\u2010leaving":[195],"radiance":[196],"wavebands.":[200]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":8}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
