{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094471850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","title":"Lichen Sclerosus of the Male Genitalia and Urethral Stricture Diseases","display_name":"Lichen Sclerosus of the Male Genitalia and Urethral Stricture Diseases","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094471850","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","mag":"2094471850","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15263783"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1159/000078794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2232815","display_name":"Urologia Internationalis","issn_l":"0042-1138","issn":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urologia Internationalis","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029496472","display_name":"Guido Barbagli","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165036","display_name":"Center For Reconstructive Urethral Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/05q7t7f13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guido Barbagli","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery, Arezzo, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery, Arezzo, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021537989","display_name":"Enzo Palminteri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165036","display_name":"Center For Reconstructive Urethral Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/05q7t7f13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Enzo Palminteri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009994289","display_name":"Sofia Bal\u00f2","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165036","display_name":"Center For Reconstructive Urethral Surgery","ror":"https://ror.org/05q7t7f13","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sofia Bal\u00f2","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Urethral and Genitalia Reconstructive Surgery","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165036"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062402871","display_name":"Santiago Andres Vallasciani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-7286","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1826-7286"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803066834","display_name":"Fondazione IRCCS Ca' Granda Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","ror":"https://ror.org/016zn0y21","country_code":"IT","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I189158943","https://openalex.org/I2803066834","https://openalex.org/I4210153126"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Santiago Vallasciani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e1 Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fondazione IRCCS C\u00e1 Granda-Ospedale Maggiore Policlinico","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803066834"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046927127","display_name":"Ettore E Mearini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1652-2965","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1652-2965"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ettore Mearini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022223622","display_name":"Elisabetta Costantini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-2886","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9639-2886"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elisabetta Costantini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050392108","display_name":"Luigi Mearini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-1227","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4072-1227"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luigi Mearini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033097058","display_name":"Alessandro Zucchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-4297","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2252-4297"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alessandro Zucchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015703820","display_name":"C. Vivacqua","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Carlo Vivacqua","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049243723","display_name":"Massimo Porena","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27483092","display_name":"University of Perugia","ror":"https://ror.org/00x27da85","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Massimo Porena","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Perugia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Perugia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27483092"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4269,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80405793,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"73","issue":"1","first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11713","display_name":"Genital Health and Disease","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11713","display_name":"Genital Health and Disease","score":0.7728999853134155,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11815","display_name":"Urological Disorders and Treatments","score":0.20399999618530273,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12866","display_name":"Urologic and reproductive health conditions","score":0.01269999984651804,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2748","display_name":"Urology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lichen-sclerosus","display_name":"lichen sclerosus","score":0.9490000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-genitalia","display_name":"male genitalia","score":0.8880000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethral-stricture","display_name":"urethral stricture","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/anterior-urethral-stricture","display_name":"anterior urethral stricture","score":0.8640000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/panurethral-stricture","display_name":"panurethral stricture","score":0.9169999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/urethroplasty","display_name":"urethroplasty","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pathogenesis","display_name":"pathogenesis","score":0.609000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histopathology","display_name":"histopathology","score":0.6330000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/retrograde-urethrography","display_name":"retrograde urethrography","score":0.8040000200271606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/penile-urethra","display_name":"penile urethra","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776552008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1641400","display_name":"Lichen sclerosus","level":2,"score":0.9810364842414856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778655861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1585753","display_name":"Urethral stricture","level":3,"score":0.8630338907241821},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8541686534881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777085111","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9386","display_name":"Urethra","level":2,"score":0.7221497893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778841284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7900438","display_name":"Urethroplasty","level":3,"score":0.6440867185592651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777493422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734025","display_name":"Meatus","level":2,"score":0.47955700755119324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141071460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q40821","display_name":"Surgery","level":1,"score":0.45990559458732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126894567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q105650","display_name":"Urology","level":1,"score":0.3665871024131775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.2671694755554199}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005832","descriptor_name":"Genital Diseases, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005832","descriptor_name":"Genital Diseases, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005832","descriptor_name":"Genital Diseases, Male","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014525","descriptor_name":"Urethral Stricture","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014525","descriptor_name":"Urethral Stricture","qualifier_ui":"Q000209","qualifier_name":"etiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014525","descriptor_name":"Urethral Stricture","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018459","descriptor_name":"Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus","qualifier_ui":"Q000150","qualifier_name":"complications","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018459","descriptor_name":"Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus","qualifier_ui":"Q000175","qualifier_name":"diagnosis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018459","descriptor_name":"Lichen Sclerosus et Atrophicus","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1159/000078794","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1159/000078794","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2232815","display_name":"Urologia Internationalis","issn_l":"0042-1138","issn":["0042-1138","1423-0399"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310317820","host_organization_name":"Karger Publishers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310317820"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Karger Publishers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urologia Internationalis","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:15263783","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15263783","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Urologia internationalis","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arpi.unipi.it:11568/1073018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11568/1073018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196265","display_name":"CINECA IRIS Institutial research information system (University of Pisa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I108290504","host_organization_name":"University of Pisa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I108290504"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W204367689","https://openalex.org/W1503341656","https://openalex.org/W1981361698","https://openalex.org/W1983675139","https://openalex.org/W1995154403","https://openalex.org/W1996658828","https://openalex.org/W2005733170","https://openalex.org/W2012530788","https://openalex.org/W2023677806","https://openalex.org/W2030083274","https://openalex.org/W2031282993","https://openalex.org/W2033704228","https://openalex.org/W2037461783","https://openalex.org/W2040398210","https://openalex.org/W2043794787","https://openalex.org/W2043828512","https://openalex.org/W2053925970","https://openalex.org/W2056474585","https://openalex.org/W2089326844","https://openalex.org/W2103492581","https://openalex.org/W2341245647","https://openalex.org/W2415109391","https://openalex.org/W2428974352","https://openalex.org/W2486745121"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2082197613","https://openalex.org/W2138565345","https://openalex.org/W1977228821","https://openalex.org/W3189128774","https://openalex.org/W1974910216","https://openalex.org/W2030083274","https://openalex.org/W4229750203","https://openalex.org/W4249083065","https://openalex.org/W4385365014","https://openalex.org/W2030912633"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"INTRODUCTION:":[0],"The":[1],"true":[2],"incidence":[3],"of":[4,24,37,53,93],"urethral":[5,27,45,77,126],"involvement":[6,78,127],"in":[7,79,115,145],"patients":[8,39,48,57,85,97,105],"with":[9,58],"genital":[10],"lichen":[11],"sclerosus":[12],"(LS)":[13],"is":[14],"unknown.":[15],"We":[16],"review":[17],"the":[18,22,34,51,60,66,80,87,90,107,110],"epidemiology":[19],"and":[20,26,70,95,114,135,141],"discuss":[21],"pathogenesis":[23],"LS":[25,59,108,125],"stricture":[28,121],"diseases.":[29],"MATERIALS":[30],"AND":[31],"METHODS:":[32],"During":[33],"period":[35],"1991-2002,":[36],"925":[38],"who":[40],"underwent":[41],"urethroplasty":[42],"for":[43],"anterior":[44],"stricture,":[46],"130":[47],"(14%)":[49],"received":[50],"diagnosis":[52],"LS.":[54],"In":[55,83,103],"all":[56],"histology":[61,88],"was":[62,73,122],"re-examined":[63],"to":[64,75,129],"confirm":[65],"clinical":[67],"diagnosis.":[68,148],"Retrograde":[69],"voiding":[71],"urethrography":[72],"used":[74],"establish":[76],"disease.":[81],"RESULTS:":[82],"106":[84],"(82%)":[86],"provided":[89],"classical":[91],"features":[92],"LS,":[94],"24":[96],"(18%)":[98],"showed":[99],"some":[100],"histological":[101],"variations.":[102],"49":[104],"(37%)":[106],"involved":[109],"pendolous":[111],"urethra":[112],"(meatus-navicularis-penile),":[113],"53":[116],"cases":[117],"(41%)":[118],"a":[119,131],"panurethral":[120],"evident.":[123],"CONCLUSIONS:":[124],"appears":[128],"be":[130],"much":[132],"more":[133],"common":[134],"extensive":[136],"disease":[137],"than":[138],"previously":[139],"reported,":[140],"requires":[142],"particular":[143],"care":[144],"its":[146],"early":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}