{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094445259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","title":"Suicidality and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Associated With a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Polymorphism","display_name":"Suicidality and 5-Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid Concentration Associated With a Tryptophan Hydroxylase Polymorphism","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094445259","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","mag":"2094445259","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7506517"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2094445259"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047622764","display_name":"David A. Nielsen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-0233","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2583-0233"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210121815","display_name":"National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism","ror":"https://ror.org/02jzrsm59","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299022934","https://openalex.org/I1299303238","https://openalex.org/I4210121815"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"David A. Nielsen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Laboratory of Neurogenetics, National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, Bethesda, Md","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121815"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161778621","display_name":"D Goldman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"D Goldman","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161836815","display_name":"M Virkkunen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Virkkunen","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161793459","display_name":"R Tokola","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Tokola","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161866049","display_name":"R Rawlings","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R Rawlings","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5161958401","display_name":"M Linnoila","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M Linnoila","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5047622764"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210121815"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":6.0881,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":372,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97548148,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"51","issue":"1","first_page":"34","last_page":"34"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10056","display_name":"Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior","score":0.8804000020027161,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10376","display_name":"Suicide and Self-Harm Studies","score":0.10530000180006027,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3203","display_name":"Clinical Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11337","display_name":"Tryptophan and brain disorders","score":0.004900000058114529,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2803","display_name":"Biological Psychiatry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tryptophan-hydroxylase","display_name":"tryptophan hydroxylase","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/5-hydroxyindoleacetic-acid","display_name":"5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid","score":0.949999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/serotonin-turnover","display_name":"serotonin turnover","score":0.8349999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicidality","display_name":"suicidality","score":0.6899999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suicide-attempts","display_name":"suicide attempts","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/impulsivity","display_name":"impulsivity","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/violent-offenders","display_name":"violent offenders","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alcohol-offenders","display_name":"alcohol offenders","score":0.7120000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebrospinal-fluid-biomarkers","display_name":"cerebrospinal fluid biomarkers","score":0.8349999785423279}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775951788","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418293","display_name":"Tryptophan hydroxylase","level":5,"score":0.8859657645225525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780319597","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1549918","display_name":"Impulsivity","level":2,"score":0.7032575607299805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775864247","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q167934","display_name":"Serotonin","level":3,"score":0.6935667991638184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135763542","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q106016","display_name":"Genotype","level":3,"score":0.6382878422737122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779164789","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238532","display_name":"5-Hydroxyindoleacetic acid","level":4,"score":0.6259660720825195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776706248","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181003","display_name":"Tryptophan","level":3,"score":0.5177218317985535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149737253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3240252","display_name":"Polymorphism (computer science)","level":4,"score":0.49847912788391113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779651940","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q54196","display_name":"Cerebrospinal fluid","level":2,"score":0.4928908348083496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.47603917121887207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.453086256980896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.39645057916641235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.3619576692581177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.298770010471344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28259527683258057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.2678792476654053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.26281964778900146},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37000724","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50430226","display_name":"Serotonergic","level":4,"score":0.15346938371658325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.07767853140830994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000437","descriptor_name":"Alcoholism","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000987","descriptor_name":"Antisocial Personality Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000987","descriptor_name":"Antisocial Personality Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000987","descriptor_name":"Antisocial Personality Disorder","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005838","descriptor_name":"Genotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006897","descriptor_name":"Hydroxyindoleacetic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007174","descriptor_name":"Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000134","qualifier_name":"cerebrospinal fluid","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007174","descriptor_name":"Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007174","descriptor_name":"Disruptive, Impulse Control, and Conduct Disorders","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011110","descriptor_name":"Polymorphism, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012701","descriptor_name":"Serotonin","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013405","descriptor_name":"Suicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013405","descriptor_name":"Suicide","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013406","descriptor_name":"Suicide, Attempted","qualifier_ui":"Q000523","qualifier_name":"psychology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013406","descriptor_name":"Suicide, Attempted","qualifier_ui":"Q000706","qualifier_name":"statistics & numerical data","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014365","descriptor_name":"Tryptophan Hydroxylase","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014754","descriptor_name":"Violence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016133","descriptor_name":"Polymerase Chain Reaction","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1001/archpsyc.1994.03950010034005","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S126359496","display_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","issn_l":"0003-990X","issn":["0003-990X","1538-3636"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320259","host_organization_name":"American Medical Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320259"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Medical Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of General Psychiatry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7506517","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7506517","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Archives of general psychiatry","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.98580002784729,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":35,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1596146531","https://openalex.org/W1965868622","https://openalex.org/W1982250385","https://openalex.org/W1984091321","https://openalex.org/W1984470666","https://openalex.org/W1992815492","https://openalex.org/W1996027687","https://openalex.org/W2002955373","https://openalex.org/W2006851386","https://openalex.org/W2007158445","https://openalex.org/W2030998472","https://openalex.org/W2032500905","https://openalex.org/W2035558252","https://openalex.org/W2038613620","https://openalex.org/W2039230966","https://openalex.org/W2042328265","https://openalex.org/W2051918534","https://openalex.org/W2061901806","https://openalex.org/W2067152764","https://openalex.org/W2079507733","https://openalex.org/W2081904759","https://openalex.org/W2082010356","https://openalex.org/W2082250521","https://openalex.org/W2098978408","https://openalex.org/W2101552906","https://openalex.org/W2111666128","https://openalex.org/W2118646606","https://openalex.org/W2124060070","https://openalex.org/W2134996660","https://openalex.org/W2152121587","https://openalex.org/W2159011576","https://openalex.org/W2161457683","https://openalex.org/W2162944751","https://openalex.org/W2173228382","https://openalex.org/W2299897877"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2054416059","https://openalex.org/W1969470528","https://openalex.org/W1972704616","https://openalex.org/W2033809902","https://openalex.org/W2007515440","https://openalex.org/W88791355","https://openalex.org/W2045219472","https://openalex.org/W2070552631","https://openalex.org/W1965527434","https://openalex.org/W2091597565"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"BACKGROUND:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"whether":[3],"the":[4,12,16,61,123,131],"tryptophan":[5],"hydroxylase":[6],"(TPH)":[7],"gene,":[8],"which":[9],"codes":[10],"for":[11],"rate-limiting":[13],"enzyme":[14],"in":[15,43,102,130],"biosynthesis":[17],"of":[18,83,99,107,122],"serotonin,":[19],"may":[20,126],"be":[21],"a":[22,34,68,97,119],"factor":[23],"influencing":[24],"serotonin":[25],"turnover":[26],"and":[27,49,55,74,110,134],"behaviors":[28],"controlled":[29],"by":[30],"serotonin.":[31],"METHODS:":[32],"Using":[33],"polymerase":[35],"chain":[36],"reaction-based":[37],"method,":[38],"TPH":[39,72,84,124],"genotype":[40,73,85],"was":[41,89,93],"determined":[42],"DNA":[44],"samples":[45],"from":[46],"56":[47],"impulsive":[48,64,87],"14":[50],"nonimpulsive,":[51],"alcoholic,":[52],"violent":[53,104],"offenders":[54],"20":[56],"healthy":[57],"volunteers.":[58],"RESULTS:":[59],"In":[60,116],"behaviorally":[62],"extreme":[63],"group,":[65],"we":[66],"observed":[67],"significant":[69],"association":[70,82],"between":[71],"cerebrospinal":[75,111,132],"fluid":[76,112,133],"5-hydroxyindoleacetic":[77],"acid":[78],"(5-HIAA)":[79],"concentration.":[80,114],"No":[81],"with":[86,96],"behavior":[88],"detected.":[90],"The":[91],"polymorphism":[92],"also":[94],"associated":[95],"history":[98],"suicide":[100],"attempts":[101],"all":[103],"offenders,":[105],"independent":[106],"impulsivity":[108],"status":[109],"5-HIAA":[113,128],"CONCLUSION:":[115],"some":[117],"individuals,":[118],"genetic":[120],"variant":[121],"gene":[125],"influence":[127],"concentration":[129],"predisposition":[135],"to":[136],"suicidal":[137],"behavior.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}