{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094072007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","title":"ASSOCIATIVE SYMMETRY BY PIGEONS AFTER FEW\u2010EXEMPLAR TRAINING","display_name":"ASSOCIATIVE SYMMETRY BY PIGEONS AFTER FEW\u2010EXEMPLAR TRAINING","publication_year":2010,"publication_date":"2010-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094072007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","mag":"2094072007","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21541172","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2972781"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2972781","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007728326","display_name":"Saulo Missiaggia Velasco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Saulo M. Velasco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Psicologia Experimental, University of S\u00e3o Paulo, Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015854108","display_name":"Edson Massayuki Huziwara","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-5821","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4313-5821"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Edson M. Huziwara","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF SA\u0303O PAULO, BRAZIL","University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SA\u0303O PAULO, BRAZIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055452661","display_name":"Armando D. Machado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-3711","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4380-3711"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I99682543","display_name":"University of Minho","ror":"https://ror.org/037wpkx04","country_code":"PT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}],"countries":["PT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Armando Machado","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF MINHO, PORTUGAL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF MINHO, PORTUGAL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I99682543"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080986081","display_name":"Gerson Yukio Tomanari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-8180","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7321-8180"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17974374","display_name":"Universidade de S\u00e3o Paulo","ror":"https://ror.org/036rp1748","country_code":"BR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}],"countries":["BR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gerson Y. Tomanari","raw_affiliation_strings":["UNIVERSITY OF SA\u0303O PAULO, BRAZIL","University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"UNIVERSITY OF SA\u0303O PAULO, BRAZIL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of S\u00e3o Paulo , Brazil","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5080986081"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17974374"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3150},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.4913,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":31,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9467357,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"94","issue":"3","first_page":"283","last_page":"295"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.260699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10826","display_name":"Behavioral and Psychological Studies","score":0.260699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12694","display_name":"Categorization, perception, and language","score":0.20020000636577606,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12430","display_name":"Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology","score":0.08049999922513962,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3200","display_name":"General Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pigeons","display_name":"pigeons","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching-to-sample","display_name":"matching-to-sample","score":0.8650000095367432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symmetry-tests","display_name":"symmetry testing","score":0.3799999952316284},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-cognition","display_name":"animal cognition","score":0.3019999861717224}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67203356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321905","display_name":"Reinforcement","level":2,"score":0.8589445352554321},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6908718347549438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779886137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21030012","display_name":"Symmetry (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6766440868377686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159423971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177251","display_name":"Associative property","level":2,"score":0.6372292041778564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5503730177879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5279982089996338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983526489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Associative learning","level":2,"score":0.4930231273174286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.4926362633705139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196178793","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282084","display_name":"Discrimination learning","level":2,"score":0.431514710187912},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3347967267036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.258304238319397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2519686222076416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.24821767210960388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.2239561378955841},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.16761094331741333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.08529630303382874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001245","descriptor_name":"Association Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001288","descriptor_name":"Attention","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004193","descriptor_name":"Discrimination Learning","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005793","descriptor_name":"Generalization, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009949","descriptor_name":"Orientation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010364","descriptor_name":"Pattern Recognition, Visual","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010856","descriptor_name":"Columbidae","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011214","descriptor_name":"Practice, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D012055","descriptor_name":"Reinforcement Schedule","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":9,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S168850678","display_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","issn_l":"0022-5002","issn":["0022-5002","1938-3711"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2972781","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2972781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:21541172","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21541172","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.producao.usp.br:BDPI/32144","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://producao.usp.br/handle/BDPI/32144","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401373","display_name":"Scientific Electronic Library Online (S\u00e3o Paulo Research Foundation, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information, Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient\u00edfico e Tecnol\u00f3gico)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I2982035970","host_organization_name":"Costa Rican Department of Social Security","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2982035970"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.921.2073","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.921.2073","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/EJ906130.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05783882v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05783882","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2013, 94 (3), pp.283-295. ⟨10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05795135v1","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05795135","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4405252976","host_organization_name":"Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405252976"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior, 2013, 94 (3), pp.283-295. ⟨10.1901/jeab.2010.94-283⟩","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.sdum.uminho.pt:1822/52457","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/1822/52457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"journal article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repositorium.uminho.pt:1822/52457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/1822/52457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402433","display_name":"Portuguese National Funding Agency for Science, Research and Technology (RCAAP Project by FCT)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"journal article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2972781","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2972781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Exp Anal Behav","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5099999904632568,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10","display_name":"Reduced inequalities"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W109743934","https://openalex.org/W563203121","https://openalex.org/W1266976010","https://openalex.org/W1497373121","https://openalex.org/W1498878034","https://openalex.org/W1557808343","https://openalex.org/W1561935190","https://openalex.org/W1637668365","https://openalex.org/W1639432015","https://openalex.org/W1931624301","https://openalex.org/W1964114172","https://openalex.org/W1964551149","https://openalex.org/W1975393912","https://openalex.org/W1977565636","https://openalex.org/W1977930311","https://openalex.org/W1979847158","https://openalex.org/W1982964173","https://openalex.org/W1984463211","https://openalex.org/W1985573530","https://openalex.org/W1990445198","https://openalex.org/W1993643571","https://openalex.org/W1996847178","https://openalex.org/W2000170558","https://openalex.org/W2001600239","https://openalex.org/W2004052565","https://openalex.org/W2005448586","https://openalex.org/W2020639407","https://openalex.org/W2023914020","https://openalex.org/W2025239423","https://openalex.org/W2028875849","https://openalex.org/W2036089006","https://openalex.org/W2036158318","https://openalex.org/W2036607133","https://openalex.org/W2040581743","https://openalex.org/W2040896129","https://openalex.org/W2044060295","https://openalex.org/W2045722043","https://openalex.org/W2052985004","https://openalex.org/W2059120209","https://openalex.org/W2065077342","https://openalex.org/W2074980357","https://openalex.org/W2082233104","https://openalex.org/W2093229611","https://openalex.org/W2095324229","https://openalex.org/W2101845637","https://openalex.org/W2103004761","https://openalex.org/W2103156314","https://openalex.org/W2108910399","https://openalex.org/W2116978881","https://openalex.org/W2135570383","https://openalex.org/W2158888435","https://openalex.org/W2158974688","https://openalex.org/W2160038992","https://openalex.org/W2163102762","https://openalex.org/W2171722545","https://openalex.org/W2468913126","https://openalex.org/W2478515085","https://openalex.org/W2516906397","https://openalex.org/W2892683964","https://openalex.org/W2954525163","https://openalex.org/W3126916517","https://openalex.org/W4235005829"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116978881","https://openalex.org/W2175773476","https://openalex.org/W1984463211","https://openalex.org/W2129462071","https://openalex.org/W1957806930","https://openalex.org/W2074980357","https://openalex.org/W2005978459","https://openalex.org/W27464363","https://openalex.org/W3024732383","https://openalex.org/W1999256847"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,15,135,173],"present":[1],"experiment":[2],"investigated":[3],"whether":[4],"pigeons":[5,47,163],"can":[6],"show":[7],"associative":[8],"symmetry":[9,61,126,200],"on":[10,100],"a":[11,19,59,132],"two-alternative":[12],"matching-to-sample":[13],"procedure.":[14],"procedure":[16],"consisted":[17],"of":[18,22,33,65,77,103,125,160,176,199],"within-subject":[20,184],"sequence":[21],"training":[23,175],"and":[24,28,36,44,54,70,94,113,127,142,144,150,167,182],"testing":[25,187],"with":[26,188],"reinforcement,":[27],"it":[29],"provided":[30],"(a)":[31],"exemplars":[32,124],"symmetrical":[34,112,136],"responding,":[35],"(b)":[37],"all":[38,128,177],"prerequisite":[39,129,178],"discriminations":[40,130,179],"among":[41,180],"test":[42,62,137],"samples":[43],"comparisons.":[45],"After":[46],"had":[48],"learned":[49],"two":[50,81],"arbitrary-matching":[51],"tasks":[52],"(A-B":[53],"C-D),":[55],"they":[56],"were":[57,85,116,139,148],"given":[58],"reinforced":[60,87],"for":[63,74,109,131,186,196],"half":[64],"the":[66,75,89,145,183,197,204],"baseline":[67,91],"relations":[68,115,138,147],"(B1-A1":[69],"D1-C1).":[71],"To":[72],"control":[73,185],"effects":[76],"reinforcement":[78,189],"during":[79],"testing,":[80],"novel,":[82],"nonsymmetrical":[83,114,146],"responses":[84],"concurrently":[86],"using":[88],"other":[90],"stimuli":[92],"(D2-A2":[93],"B2-C2).":[95],"Pigeons":[96],"matched":[97],"at":[98],"chance":[99],"both":[101],"types":[102],"relations,":[104],"thus":[105],"indicating":[106],"no":[107,171],"evidence":[108,159],"symmetry.":[110],"These":[111],"then":[117],"directly":[118],"trained":[119],"in":[120,201],"order":[121],"to":[122,191,214],"provide":[123],"second":[133],"test.":[134],"now":[140],"B2-A2":[141],"D2-C2":[143],"D1-A1":[149],"B1-C1.":[151],"On":[152],"this":[153],"test,":[154],"1":[155,168],"pigeon":[156,169],"showed":[157,164,170],"clear":[158],"symmetry,":[161],"2":[162],"weak":[165],"evidence,":[166],"evidence.":[172],"previous":[174],"stimuli,":[181],"seem":[190],"have":[192],"set":[193],"favorable":[194],"conditions":[195],"emergence":[198],"nonhumans.":[202],"However,":[203],"variability":[205],"across":[206],"subjects":[207],"shows":[208],"that":[209],"methodological":[210],"variables":[211],"still":[212],"remain":[213],"be":[215],"controlled.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}