{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094067973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","title":"10.2: Electrofluidic Displays: Multi\u2010stability and Display Technology Progress","display_name":"10.2: Electrofluidic Displays: Multi\u2010stability and Display Technology Progress","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094067973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","mag":"2094067973"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1889/1.3621018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171700","display_name":"SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers","issn_l":"0097-966X","issn":["0097-966X","2154-6738","2154-6746","2168-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110046139","display_name":"Kenneth A. Dean","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kenneth A. Dean","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111871007","display_name":"Kaichang Zhou","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaichang Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109280665","display_name":"Steve Smith","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Steve Smith","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028426281","display_name":"Brian Brollier","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brian Brollier","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067969090","display_name":"Hari M. Atkuri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hari Atkuri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006743749","display_name":"John Rudolph","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210165290","display_name":"Gamma Dynamics (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05cp7zh43","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rudolph","raw_affiliation_strings":["Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Gamma Dynamics, Cincinnati, OH 45229, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210165290"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087048448","display_name":"Shu Min Yang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-3320","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8834-3320"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shu Yang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006037965","display_name":"St\u00e9phanie Chevalliot","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-0144","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9091-0144"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephanie Chevalliot","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023360890","display_name":"Eric B. Kreit","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Eric Kreit","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070775909","display_name":"Jason C. Heikenfeld","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-8343","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5778-8343"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63135867","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jason Heikenfeld","raw_affiliation_strings":["Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Novel Devices Lab, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, U.S.A","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63135867"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8473,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63415957,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":"1","first_page":"111","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12452","display_name":"Electrowetting and Microfluidic Technologies","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10306","display_name":"Liquid Crystal Research Advancements","score":0.0017000000225380063,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11608","display_name":"Dielectric materials and actuators","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2504","display_name":"Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multistability","display_name":"multistability","score":0.8209999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-performance","display_name":"optical performance","score":0.5099999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-performance","display_name":"electrical performance","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-performance","display_name":"environmental performance","score":0.8270000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/low-temperature-operation","display_name":"low-temperature operation","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fast-switching-speed","display_name":"fast switching speed","score":0.7540000081062317}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60327585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q723733","display_name":"Millisecond","level":2,"score":0.8839637041091919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160633673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q355198","display_name":"Pixel","level":2,"score":0.6517008543014526},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984621161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q327065","display_name":"Information display","level":2,"score":0.520502507686615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112972136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7595718","display_name":"Stability (learning theory)","level":2,"score":0.5042740106582642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.45440879464149475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.43176552653312683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38737592101097107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.37214213609695435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.33574146032333374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121684516","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7600677","display_name":"Computer graphics (images)","level":1,"score":0.2875124216079712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2778289318084717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.23960831761360168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.2092171311378479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1276947","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q333","display_name":"Astronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1889/1.3621018","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1889/1.3621018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210171700","display_name":"SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers","issn_l":"0097-966X","issn":["0097-966X","2154-6738","2154-6746","2168-0159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310256","display_name":"University of Cincinnati","ror":"https://ror.org/01e3m7079"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2034380683","https://openalex.org/W2070151372","https://openalex.org/W2098149440","https://openalex.org/W2099840087"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4255494794","https://openalex.org/W2903047868","https://openalex.org/W2156360376","https://openalex.org/W2025814464","https://openalex.org/W2545084868","https://openalex.org/W89217429","https://openalex.org/W2098149440","https://openalex.org/W2034380683","https://openalex.org/W2116102063","https://openalex.org/W1995236236"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Abstract":[0],"Electrofluidic":[1],"displays":[2],"have":[3],"been":[4],"demonstrated":[5],"with":[6,17],"multi\u2010stable":[7],"states":[8,16],"that":[9],"enable":[10],"on,":[11],"off,":[12],"or":[13],"grey\u2010scaled":[14],"pixel":[15],"zero":[18],"holding":[19],"power.":[20],"We":[21,32],"demonstrate":[22],"operating":[23],"principles":[24],"and":[25,29,47],"characterize":[26],"optical,":[27],"electrical":[28],"environmental":[30],"performance.":[31],"also":[33],"report":[34],"other":[35],"electrofluidic":[36],"developments":[37],"including":[38],"device":[39],"operation":[40],"from":[41],"\u2212":[42],"30\u00b0C":[43],"to":[44],"70":[45],"\u00b0C":[46],"30":[48],"millisecond":[49],"switching":[50],"speeds":[51],"at":[52],"25\u00b0C.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-02T10:15:12.560889","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}