{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2094064759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","title":"Microalgae for Biofuels and Animal Feeds","display_name":"Microalgae for Biofuels and Animal Feeds","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-11","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2094064759","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","mag":"2094064759"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en6115869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/pdf?version=1426590992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/pdf?version=1426590992","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040450182","display_name":"John R. Benemann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-9418","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6965-9418"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100480","display_name":"MicroBio Engineering (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00ya1es69","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100480"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"John Benemann","raw_affiliation_strings":["MicroBio Engineering, Inc., 3434 Tice Creek Drive No. 1, Walnut Creek, CA 94595, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"MicroBio Engineering, Inc., 3434 Tice Creek Drive No. 1, Walnut Creek, CA 94595, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100480"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040450182"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100480"],"apc_list":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"apc_paid":{"value":2600,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3137},"fwci":9.8101,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":342,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98740185,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"6","issue":"11","first_page":"5869","last_page":"5886"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10476","display_name":"Algal biology and biofuel production","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2105","display_name":"Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/21","display_name":"Energy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalgae","display_name":"microalgae","score":0.9729999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biofuels","display_name":"biofuels","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/animal-feed","display_name":"animal feed","score":0.7080000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algal-biomass-production","display_name":"algal biomass production","score":0.8370000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/raceway-ponds","display_name":"raceway ponds","score":0.7749999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-pond-cultivation","display_name":"open pond cultivation","score":0.7870000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/co2-utilization","display_name":"CO2 utilization","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunlight","display_name":"sunlight","score":0.5720000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-3-fatty-acids","display_name":"omega-3 fatty acids","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-meal-replacement","display_name":"fish meal replacement","score":0.828000009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-oils","display_name":"vegetable oils","score":0.640999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrocarbons","display_name":"hydrocarbons","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fermentable-carbohydrates","display_name":"fermentable carbohydrates","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-harvesting","display_name":"biomass harvesting","score":0.8299999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biomass-processing","display_name":"biomass processing","score":0.574999988079071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/production-cost-reduction","display_name":"production cost reduction","score":0.7170000076293945}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53991642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128991","display_name":"Biofuel","level":2,"score":0.8403955101966858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115540264","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2945560","display_name":"Biomass (ecology)","level":2,"score":0.7624486088752747},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184547230","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7279041","display_name":"Raceway","level":3,"score":0.6137484908103943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5245847105979919},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39432304","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188847","display_name":"Environmental science","level":0,"score":0.4594043791294098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150903083","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7108","display_name":"Biotechnology","level":1,"score":0.45474740862846375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C156380964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18556","display_name":"Bioenergy","level":3,"score":0.4410470724105835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.34925851225852966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.33740606904029846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.19683915376663208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08916571736335754},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135628077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220184","display_name":"Finite element method","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66938386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q633538","display_name":"Structural engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3390/en6115869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/pdf?version=1426590992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.699.2375","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.699.2375","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/pdf/","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:gam:jeners:v:6:y:2013:i:11:p:5869-5886:d:30323","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7cd3c11ef2884ef98f2fb30d8f0c7845","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7cd3c11ef2884ef98f2fb30d8f0c7845","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Energies, Vol 6, Iss 11, Pp 5869-5886 (2013)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3390/en6115869","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3390/en6115869","pdf_url":"https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/6/11/5869/pdf?version=1426590992","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S198098182","display_name":"Energies","issn_l":"1996-1073","issn":["1996-1073"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310310987","host_organization_name":"Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310310987"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Multidisciplinary Digital Publishing Institute"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Energies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8485000133514404,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"},{"score":0.6875,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"},{"score":0.5351999998092651,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/13","display_name":"Climate action"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2094064759.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2094064759.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W64268744","https://openalex.org/W77081800","https://openalex.org/W98496862","https://openalex.org/W1482125829","https://openalex.org/W1508866261","https://openalex.org/W1509539653","https://openalex.org/W1533947775","https://openalex.org/W1548428029","https://openalex.org/W1557372907","https://openalex.org/W1566868765","https://openalex.org/W1598354860","https://openalex.org/W2016391860","https://openalex.org/W2016682577","https://openalex.org/W2019742071","https://openalex.org/W2037871094","https://openalex.org/W2078253394","https://openalex.org/W2079533032","https://openalex.org/W2079745750","https://openalex.org/W2085432967","https://openalex.org/W2104310425","https://openalex.org/W2127341034","https://openalex.org/W2143952661","https://openalex.org/W2190188722","https://openalex.org/W2263588713","https://openalex.org/W2494884038","https://openalex.org/W2992938345","https://openalex.org/W4245088971"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3215729195","https://openalex.org/W4323054384","https://openalex.org/W7095498426","https://openalex.org/W6889979429","https://openalex.org/W2787624394","https://openalex.org/W2075007192","https://openalex.org/W3149322872","https://openalex.org/W7070716774","https://openalex.org/W133465610","https://openalex.org/W1996436279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"potential":[1],"of":[2,42,98,134],"microalgae":[3],"biomass":[4,71,116],"production":[5,34,133],"for":[6,26,86,131],"low-cost":[7,64,135],"commodities\u2014biofuels":[8],"and":[9,13,44,61,78,89,115],"animal":[10,67],"feeds\u2014using":[11],"sunlight":[12],"CO2":[14],"is":[15],"reviewed.":[16],"Microalgae":[17],"are":[18,119,129],"currently":[19],"cultivated":[20,56],"in":[21,57,75],"relatively":[22],"small-scale":[23],"systems,":[24,110],"mainly":[25],"high":[27,45,74,96],"value":[28],"human":[29],"nutritional":[30],"products.":[31],"For":[32,66],"commodities,":[33],"costs":[35],"must":[36,49,72],"be":[37,50,54,73],"decreased":[38],"by":[39,63],"an":[40],"order":[41],"magnitude,":[43],"productivity":[46],"algal":[47,70,111],"strains":[48],"developed":[51,121],"that":[52,83],"can":[53,84],"stably":[55],"large":[58],"open":[59,126],"ponds":[60],"harvested":[62],"processes.":[65],"feeds,":[68],"the":[69,132],"digestible":[76],"protein":[77],"long-chain":[79],"omega-3":[80],"fatty":[81],"acids":[82],"substitute":[85],"fish":[87,90],"meal":[88],"oils.":[91],"Biofuels":[92],"will":[93],"require":[94],"a":[95],"content":[97],"vegetable":[99],"oils":[100],"(preferably":[101],"triglycerides),":[102],"hydrocarbons":[103],"or":[104],"fermentable":[105],"carbohydrates.":[106],"Many":[107],"different":[108],"cultivation":[109],"species,":[112],"harvesting":[113],"methods,":[114],"processing":[117],"technologies":[118],"being":[120],"worldwide.":[122],"However,":[123],"only":[124],"raceway-type":[125],"pond":[127],"systems":[128],"suitable":[130],"commodities.":[136]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":39},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":34},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":30},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":27},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}