{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093824564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","title":"Lymphoblastoid interferon alfa-n1 improves the long-term response to a 6-month course of treatment in chronic hepatitis C compared with recombinant interferon alfa-2b: Results of an international randomized controlled trial","display_name":"Lymphoblastoid interferon alfa-n1 improves the long-term response to a 6-month course of treatment in chronic hepatitis C compared with recombinant interferon alfa-2b: Results of an international randomized controlled trial","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093824564","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","mag":"2093824564","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9537453"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hep.510270429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hep.510270429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156174673","display_name":"Hepatology","issn_l":"0270-9139","issn":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"bronze","oa_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hep.510270429","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109955079","display_name":"Geoffrey C. Farrell","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2803024705","display_name":"Westmead Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/04gp5yv64","country_code":"AU","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705","https://openalex.org/I4405259172"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Geoffrey C. Farrell","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia","Storr Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Storr Liver Unit, Department of Medicine, Westmead Hospital, New South Wales, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109316155","display_name":"Bruce R. Bacon","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47838141","display_name":"Saint Louis University","ror":"https://ror.org/01p7jjy08","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Bruce R. Bacon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine, St. Louis, Missouri","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47838141"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053096526","display_name":"Robert David Goldin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4519","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5184-4519"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210106957","display_name":"St Mary's Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/01aysdw42","country_code":"GB","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I153355300","https://openalex.org/I4210106957"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert D. Goldin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pathology, St Mary's Hospital, London, England","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210106957"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5109955079"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2803024705"],"apc_list":{"value":2900,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2900},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":7.2786,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":57,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.97549873,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"27","issue":"4","first_page":"1121","last_page":"1127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10151","display_name":"Hepatitis C virus research","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2721","display_name":"Hepatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11495","display_name":"Animal Virus Infections Studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10276","display_name":"Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2746","display_name":"Surgery"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-alpha-2b","display_name":"interferon alfa-2b","score":0.968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-hepatitis-c","display_name":"chronic hepatitis C","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-therapy","display_name":"interferon therapy","score":0.8460000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-rna-clearance","display_name":"HCV RNA clearance","score":0.6800000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/viral-relapse","display_name":"viral relapse","score":0.6909999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histological-improvement","display_name":"histological improvement","score":0.7269999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alanine-aminotransferase-normalization","display_name":"alanine aminotransferase normalization","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hcv-genotypes","display_name":"HCV genotypes","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/treatment-safety","display_name":"treatment safety","score":0.46700000762939453},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interferon-side-effects","display_name":"interferon adverse effects","score":0.4880000054836273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-cirrhosis","display_name":"liver cirrhosis","score":0.6240000128746033}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.8073258399963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781228144","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046441","display_name":"Interferon alfa","level":4,"score":0.7185575366020203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90924648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q120569","display_name":"Gastroenterology","level":1,"score":0.6185851097106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.6009352803230286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909179924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6046488","display_name":"Alpha interferon","level":3,"score":0.5827869176864624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151678543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3827867","display_name":"BDNA test","level":4,"score":0.5312210321426392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777214474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147778","display_name":"Cirrhosis","level":2,"score":0.5208981037139893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776178377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188269","display_name":"Interferon","level":2,"score":0.513918399810791},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781413609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7308373","display_name":"Regimen","level":2,"score":0.49844932556152344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.4865485727787018},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776455275","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q154869","display_name":"Hepatitis C","level":2,"score":0.472040057182312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168563851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1436668","display_name":"Randomized controlled trial","level":2,"score":0.4185836613178253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776235749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420056","display_name":"Peginterferon alfa-2a","level":5,"score":0.41260597109794617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020491458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131742","display_name":"Chronic hepatitis","level":3,"score":0.3295339345932007},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142462285","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2528140","display_name":"Viral load","level":3,"score":0.32239264249801636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780040827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q421862","display_name":"Ribavirin","level":4,"score":0.13568654656410217},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2522874641","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q808","display_name":"Virus","level":2,"score":0.13378402590751648}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000077190","descriptor_name":"Interferon alpha-2","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000998","descriptor_name":"Antiviral Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011994","descriptor_name":"Recombinant Proteins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012367","descriptor_name":"RNA, Viral","qualifier_ui":"Q000032","qualifier_name":"analysis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016898","descriptor_name":"Interferon-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016898","descriptor_name":"Interferon-alpha","qualifier_ui":"Q000627","qualifier_name":"therapeutic use","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019698","descriptor_name":"Hepatitis C, Chronic","qualifier_ui":"Q000188","qualifier_name":"drug therapy","is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1002/hep.510270429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hep.510270429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156174673","display_name":"Hepatology","issn_l":"0270-9139","issn":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9537453","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9537453","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology (Baltimore, Md.)","raw_type":"Clinical Trial"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1002/hep.510270429","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1002/hep.510270429","pdf_url":"https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/pdfdirect/10.1002/hep.510270429","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S156174673","display_name":"Hepatology","issn_l":"0270-9139","issn":["0270-9139","1527-3350"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Hepatology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":1.0}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Randomized Controlled Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/randomized-controlled-trial"},{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093824564.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093824564.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W171106102","https://openalex.org/W1486067148","https://openalex.org/W1550484024","https://openalex.org/W1648420719","https://openalex.org/W1985440692","https://openalex.org/W1985882441","https://openalex.org/W1990781694","https://openalex.org/W2005246694","https://openalex.org/W2005383954","https://openalex.org/W2018370670","https://openalex.org/W2020730605","https://openalex.org/W2038234230","https://openalex.org/W2043144554","https://openalex.org/W2053405501","https://openalex.org/W2057553890","https://openalex.org/W2058361955","https://openalex.org/W2059596847","https://openalex.org/W2060330467","https://openalex.org/W2061470330","https://openalex.org/W2066804172","https://openalex.org/W2068507347","https://openalex.org/W2069633422","https://openalex.org/W2079002457","https://openalex.org/W2083529479","https://openalex.org/W2085536840","https://openalex.org/W2088053309","https://openalex.org/W2092649376","https://openalex.org/W2107248308","https://openalex.org/W2115956200","https://openalex.org/W2117851049","https://openalex.org/W2118047427","https://openalex.org/W2119600310","https://openalex.org/W2149453254","https://openalex.org/W2150102564","https://openalex.org/W2153509945","https://openalex.org/W2155541504","https://openalex.org/W2155898091","https://openalex.org/W2157124863","https://openalex.org/W2158694627","https://openalex.org/W2313300349","https://openalex.org/W2334197314","https://openalex.org/W2335968781","https://openalex.org/W2336799715","https://openalex.org/W2562741232","https://openalex.org/W2911538489","https://openalex.org/W4242026718","https://openalex.org/W4246293870","https://openalex.org/W4250840378","https://openalex.org/W4300718808","https://openalex.org/W6665566071"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2165558168","https://openalex.org/W2157623714","https://openalex.org/W2060467970","https://openalex.org/W2136855565","https://openalex.org/W9413912","https://openalex.org/W2412774344","https://openalex.org/W2042319108","https://openalex.org/W2404033525","https://openalex.org/W2071392096","https://openalex.org/W2342035588"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,151],"aim":[1],"of":[2,15,107,115,133,177,188,206,220,228,335,382,399],"this":[3],"study":[4],"was":[5,77,92,190,237,341,388],"to":[6,43,159,252,261,319,327,375],"compare":[7],"the":[8,52,213,218,224,331,365],"short-term":[9],"and":[10,13,81,96,100,119,126,140,143,149,162,175,195,204,226,287,290,354,361,385,397],"long-term":[11,333],"efficacy":[12,334],"safety":[14,362],"lymphoblastoid":[16,45],"interferon":[17,21],"with":[18,37,157,241,245,284,294,305,308,322,339,371,380],"a":[19,25,63],"recombinant":[20,49],"alfa":[22],"(IFN-alpha)":[23],"in":[24,390],"24-week":[26],"treatment":[27,153,189,215,233,377],"course":[28],"for":[29,65,192,197,343],"chronic":[30,38],"hepatitis":[31,39],"C.":[32],"One":[33],"thousand":[34],"seventy-one":[35],"patients":[36,292,306,391],"C":[40,69],"were":[41,105,131,155,209,223,255,282,297,317],"randomized":[42],"receive":[44],"IFN-alpha":[46,193,242,253,295,336,352,372,376],"n1":[47,194,243,254,296,337,353],"or":[48],"IFN-alpha2b":[50,198,262,309,340,355],"at":[51,79,94,113,123,137,146,168,186,217,266,275,301,314],"same":[53],"dosing":[54],"regimen,":[55],"3":[56],"million":[57],"units":[58],"administered":[59],"subcutaneously":[60],"three":[61],"times":[62],"week":[64,302,315],"24":[66,148],"weeks.":[67],"Hepatitis":[68],"viral":[70,285],"(HCV)":[71],"genotype":[72],"(by":[73,86],"line":[74],"probe":[75],"assay)":[76],"determined":[78],"baseline,":[80],"serum":[82,108,134,171],"HCV":[83,135,172,178,207,298,324,346,383,400],"RNA":[84,136,173,208,299],"level":[85],"quantitative":[87],"reverse-transcriptase":[88],"polymerase":[89],"chain":[90],"reaction)":[91],"measured":[93],"baseline":[95,170],"weeks":[97,124,147],"24,":[98,138],"48,":[99,139],"72.":[101,127,150],"Primary":[102],"end":[103,114,129,187,219],"points":[104,130],"normalization":[106,122,396],"alanine":[109],"aminotransferase":[110],"(ALT)":[111],"levels":[112],"therapy":[116],"(week":[117],"24)":[118],"sustained":[120,248,366,394],"ALT":[121,184,249,395],"48":[125,267],"Secondary":[128],"nondetectability":[132,205],"72":[141,276,303,316],"weeks,":[142,268,277],"histological":[144,163,288,386],"improvement":[145,203,387],"two":[152,214],"groups":[154,216],"similar":[156,211,357],"respect":[158],"demographic,":[160],"clinical,":[161],"variables":[164],"(10%":[165],"had":[166],"cirrhosis":[167],"entry),":[169],"levels,":[174],"distribution":[176],"genotypes.":[179,347],"Intent-to-treat":[180],"analysis":[181],"showed":[182],"that":[183,351],"response":[185,359,367],"35.3%":[191],"37.9%":[196],"(P":[199,310],"=":[200,270,279,311],".38).":[201],"Histological":[202],"also":[210],"between":[212],"treatment,":[221],"as":[222],"type":[225,328],"frequency":[227],"reported":[229],"adverse":[230],"experiences.":[231],"Among":[232],"responders,":[234],"post-treatment":[235],"relapse":[236],"significantly":[238,256],"less":[239],"frequent":[240,258],"than":[244,259],"IFN-alpha2b.":[246],"Thus,":[247],"responses":[250],"(SR)":[251],"more":[257,291],"SR":[260,281,313,374],"(12.0%":[263],"vs.":[264,273],"7.6%":[265],"P":[269,278],".02;":[271],"10.3%":[272],"6.7%":[274],".04).":[280],"associated":[283,379],"loss":[286],"improvement,":[289],"treated":[293,307],"negative":[300],"compared":[304,338],".03).":[312],"two-":[318],"sixfold":[320],"better":[321],"other":[323],"genotypes":[325],"relative":[326],"1,":[329],"but":[330,364],"improved":[332],"evident":[342],"all":[344],"major":[345],"It":[348],"is":[349,369],"concluded":[350],"have":[356],"end-of-treatment":[358],"rates":[360],"profiles":[363],"rate":[368],"higher":[370],"n1.":[373],"are":[378],"clearance":[381,398],"RNA,":[384],"maximal":[389],"who":[392],"exhibited":[393],"RNA.":[401]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}