{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093789397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","title":"Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Oxybenzone Microsponge Gel for Topical Delivery","display_name":"Formulation and Evaluation of Optimized Oxybenzone Microsponge Gel for Topical Delivery","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-02-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093789397","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","mag":"2093789397","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25789176","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4348582"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/261068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2015/261068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764829945","display_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","issn_l":"2090-3022","issn":["2090-3022","2090-3014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2015/261068.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102972845","display_name":"Atmaram Pawar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-5682","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5533-5682"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887998513","display_name":"Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/0052mmx10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Atmaram P. Pawar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084735738","display_name":"Aditya P. Gholap","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887998513","display_name":"Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/0052mmx10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aditya P. Gholap","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027615710","display_name":"Ashwin Bhanudas Kuchekar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-6059","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0496-6059","https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2630-6713"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887998513","display_name":"Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/0052mmx10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin B. Kuchekar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5006530279","display_name":"Chellampillai Bothiraja","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-7726","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9064-7726"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887998513","display_name":"Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/0052mmx10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Bothiraja","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025236117","display_name":"Ashwin Mali","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-1606","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0391-1606"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I887998513","display_name":"Bharati Vidyapeeth (Deemed to be University)","ror":"https://ror.org/0052mmx10","country_code":"IN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}],"countries":["IN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ashwin J. Mali","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Pharmaceutics, Bharati Vidyapeeth University, Poona College of Pharmacy, Erandwane, Maharashtra 411038, India","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5102972845"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I887998513"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.5457,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92672237,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2015","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"9"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10704","display_name":"Advancements in Transdermal Drug Delivery","score":0.9932000041007996,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10920","display_name":"Advanced Drug Delivery Systems","score":0.006099999882280827,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3003","display_name":"Pharmaceutical Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/30","display_name":"Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11013","display_name":"Skin Protection and Aging","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2708","display_name":"Dermatology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benzophenone-3","display_name":"benzophenone-3","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microsponges","display_name":"microsponges","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topical-gel","display_name":"topical gel","score":0.6489999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sunscreen","display_name":"sunscreen","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ethylcellulose","display_name":"ethyl cellulose","score":0.9629999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dichloromethane","display_name":"dichloromethane","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controlled-release","display_name":"controlled release","score":0.6629999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sun-protection-factor","display_name":"sun protection factor","score":0.734000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-irritation","display_name":"skin irritation","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encapsulation-efficiency","display_name":"encapsulation efficiency","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hydrogels","display_name":"hydrogels","score":0.5989999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skin-permeation","display_name":"skin permeation","score":0.45899999141693115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/factorial-design-optimization","display_name":"factorial design optimization","score":0.5789999961853027}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780986958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1871151","display_name":"Lotion","level":2,"score":0.7820529937744141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777063393","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Irritation","level":2,"score":0.6210135817527771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019129585","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77776","display_name":"Skin irritation","level":2,"score":0.6186299324035645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780471494","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q146505","display_name":"Solvent","level":2,"score":0.5574719309806824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992670425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q827658","display_name":"Sun protection factor","level":2,"score":0.5521751642227173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.3674864172935486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C16005928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q171171","display_name":"Dermatology","level":1,"score":0.36467546224594116},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.3336281180381775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.3330652117729187},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.30571842193603516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.22256547212600708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203014093","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101929","display_name":"Immunology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/261068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2015/261068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764829945","display_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","issn_l":"2090-3022","issn":["2090-3022","2090-3014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:25789176","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25789176","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of drug delivery","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4348582","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4348582/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"J Drug Deliv","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.791.1767","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.791.1767","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/6e/83/JDD2015-261068.PMC4348582.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2015/261068","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/261068","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/archive/2015/261068.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764829945","display_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","issn_l":"2090-3022","issn":["2090-3022","2090-3014"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","poland-20"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Drug Delivery","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093789397.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2093789397.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W23873773","https://openalex.org/W63535770","https://openalex.org/W1556377480","https://openalex.org/W1604554979","https://openalex.org/W1987457096","https://openalex.org/W1993788795","https://openalex.org/W2020386508","https://openalex.org/W2041033779","https://openalex.org/W2045591209","https://openalex.org/W2059960446","https://openalex.org/W2061520167","https://openalex.org/W2067428788","https://openalex.org/W2071665819","https://openalex.org/W2084110224","https://openalex.org/W2085747726","https://openalex.org/W2089556979","https://openalex.org/W2161544550","https://openalex.org/W2259997644","https://openalex.org/W2339964950","https://openalex.org/W2892882267","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7095947415","https://openalex.org/W2009131657","https://openalex.org/W4206300232","https://openalex.org/W4365515556","https://openalex.org/W2141283060","https://openalex.org/W2089556979","https://openalex.org/W4309010764","https://openalex.org/W7216443406","https://openalex.org/W2319980207","https://openalex.org/W7216783831"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Background.":[0],"Oxybenzone,":[1],"a":[2],"broad":[3],"spectrum":[4],"sunscreen":[5],"agent":[6],"widely":[7],"used":[8],"in":[9,99,163],"the":[10,31,76,86,100,109,129,136,191,198],"form":[11],"of":[12,30,56,68,102,115,153,160,166,181,186],"lotion":[13],"and":[14,24,50,71,88,112,120,132,157,177,204],"cream,":[15],"has":[16],"been":[17],"reported":[18],"to":[19,35,135,197],"cause":[20],"skin":[21],"irritation,":[22],"dermatitis,":[23],"systemic":[25],"absorption.":[26],"Aim.":[27],"The":[28,66,80,92,105,125,150],"objective":[29],"present":[32],"study":[33,174],"was":[34,58,133],"formulate":[36],"oxybenzone":[37,57,154,167,182],"loaded":[38],"microsponge":[39,126,156],"gel":[40,127,161],"for":[41,53,183],"enhanced":[42,178,192],"sun":[43,193],"protection":[44,194],"factor":[45,195],"with":[46,96,168,201],"reduced":[47,169,202],"toxicity.":[48,205],"Material":[49],"Method.":[51],"Microsponge":[52],"topical":[54,179],"delivery":[55],"successfully":[59],"prepared":[60],"by":[61,75],"quasiemulsion":[62],"solvent":[63],"diffusion":[64],"method.":[65],"effects":[67],"ethyl":[69],"cellulose":[70],"dichloromethane":[72],"were":[73,83,94],"optimized":[74,81,106],"3(2)":[77],"factorial":[78],"design.":[79],"microsponges":[82,93],"dispersed":[84],"into":[85],"hydrogel":[87],"further":[89],"evaluated.":[90],"Results.":[91],"spherical":[95],"pore":[97],"size":[98,111],"range":[101],"0.10-0.22":[103],"\u00b5m.":[104],"formulation":[107],"possesses":[108],"particle":[110],"entrapment":[113],"efficiency":[114],"72":[116],"\u00b1":[117,122],"0.77":[118],"\u00b5m":[119],"96.9":[121],"0.52%,":[123],"respectively.":[124],"showed":[128,190],"controlled":[130,151],"release":[131,152],"nonirritant":[134],"rat":[137],"skin.":[138],"In":[139],"creep":[140],"recovery":[141,147],"test":[142],"it":[143],"had":[144],"shown":[145],"highest":[146],"indicating":[148],"elasticity.":[149],"from":[155],"barrier":[158],"effect":[159],"result":[162],"prolonged":[164,184],"retention":[165,180],"permeation":[170],"activity.":[171],"Conclusion.":[172],"Evaluation":[173],"revealed":[175],"remarkable":[176],"period":[185],"time.":[187],"It":[188],"also":[189],"compared":[196],"marketed":[199],"preparation":[200],"irritation":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-12T12:28:57.059296","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}