{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2093487174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","title":"Reversal in mortality trends: evidence from the Agincourt field site, South Africa, 1992- 1995","display_name":"Reversal in mortality trends: evidence from the Agincourt field site, South Africa, 1992- 1995","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2093487174","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","mag":"2093487174","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10397540"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20605092","display_name":"AIDS","issn_l":"0269-9370","issn":["0269-9370","1473-5571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014836003","display_name":"Stephen M. Tollman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0744-7588"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen M. Tollman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018207897","display_name":"Kathleen Kahn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3931","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3339-3931"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kathleen Kahna","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048110656","display_name":"Michel Garenne","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-7803","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6073-7803"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091642","display_name":"Centre Population et D\u00e9veloppement","ror":"https://ror.org/002yg6s88","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I204730241","https://openalex.org/I2802818602","https://openalex.org/I4210089394","https://openalex.org/I4210090127","https://openalex.org/I4210091642","https://openalex.org/I4210131494","https://openalex.org/I4210139971","https://openalex.org/I4210166444"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michel Garenne","raw_affiliation_strings":["French Centre for Population and Development (CEPED), Paris, France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"French Centre for Population and Development (CEPED), Paris, France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210091642"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112058885","display_name":"John S. S. Gear","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192619145","display_name":"University of the Witwatersrand","ror":"https://ror.org/03rp50x72","country_code":"ZA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}],"countries":["ZA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John S.S. Gear","raw_affiliation_strings":["Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Health Systems Development Unit, Department of Community Health, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa and the","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192619145"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.481,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":55,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83277834,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":"9","first_page":"1091","last_page":"1097"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6503999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10082","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Research and Interventions","score":0.6503999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2725","display_name":"Infectious Diseases"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12011","display_name":"Insurance, Mortality, Demography, Risk Management","score":0.18230000138282776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3317","display_name":"Demography"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14334","display_name":"HIV/AIDS Impact and Responses","score":0.08489999920129776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mortality-trends","display_name":"mortality trends","score":0.9850000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rural-south-africa","display_name":"rural South Africa","score":0.5889999866485596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agincourt","display_name":"Agincourt","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/verbal-autopsy","display_name":"verbal autopsy","score":0.9319999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/causes-of-death","display_name":"causes of death","score":0.6919999718666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aids-related-deaths","display_name":"AIDS mortality","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tuberculosis","display_name":"tuberculosis","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/homicide","display_name":"homicide","score":0.6710000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/circulatory-diseases","display_name":"circulatory diseases","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/young-adult-women","display_name":"young adult women","score":0.6420000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-and-sex-differences-in-mortality","display_name":"age and sex differences in mortality","score":0.6480000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decentralization-of-health-services","display_name":"decentralization of health services","score":0.656000018119812}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781410689","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17370247","display_name":"Verbal autopsy","level":4,"score":0.8080188035964966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.6539364457130432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525541732","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q149086","display_name":"Homicide","level":4,"score":0.6261545419692993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.5429160594940186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.5362529158592224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129047720","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175185","display_name":"Rural area","level":2,"score":0.5285006165504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52130261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39825","display_name":"Census","level":3,"score":0.5153100490570068},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C179755657","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q58702","display_name":"Mortality rate","level":2,"score":0.5007071495056152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29374701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931388","display_name":"Cause of death","level":3,"score":0.465246319770813},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138816342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189603","display_name":"Public health","level":2,"score":0.43505072593688965},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190385971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q373494","display_name":"Injury prevention","level":3,"score":0.40730971097946167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017944768","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1450463","display_name":"Poison control","level":2,"score":0.37890785932540894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779134260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12136","display_name":"Disease","level":2,"score":0.36509472131729126},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.3382171392440796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159110408","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121176","display_name":"Nursing","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000163","descriptor_name":"Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000293","descriptor_name":"Adolescent","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000369","descriptor_name":"Aged, 80 and over","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002423","descriptor_name":"Cause of Death","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003967","descriptor_name":"Diarrhea","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007223","descriptor_name":"Infant","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007231","descriptor_name":"Infant, Newborn","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009026","descriptor_name":"Mortality","qualifier_ui":"Q000639","qualifier_name":"trends","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D011446","descriptor_name":"Prospective Studies","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012424","descriptor_name":"Rural Population","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013019","descriptor_name":"South Africa","qualifier_ui":"Q000453","qualifier_name":"epidemiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014376","descriptor_name":"Tuberculosis","qualifier_ui":"Q000401","qualifier_name":"mortality","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017677","descriptor_name":"Age Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017678","descriptor_name":"Sex Distribution","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019352","descriptor_name":"Censuses","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00002030-199906180-00013","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S20605092","display_name":"AIDS","issn_l":"0269-9370","issn":["0269-9370","1473-5571"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10397540","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10397540","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"AIDS (London, England)","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.9940000176429749,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Observational Study","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W138749133","https://openalex.org/W210858056","https://openalex.org/W583508762","https://openalex.org/W1606240218","https://openalex.org/W1971624858","https://openalex.org/W1979670500","https://openalex.org/W2021568960","https://openalex.org/W2029528365","https://openalex.org/W2076868312","https://openalex.org/W2081564115","https://openalex.org/W2092127782","https://openalex.org/W2115018439","https://openalex.org/W2155734743","https://openalex.org/W2162843174","https://openalex.org/W2305913755","https://openalex.org/W2394901380"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2049426191","https://openalex.org/W7096433191","https://openalex.org/W2269207646","https://openalex.org/W4285341965","https://openalex.org/W2070634723","https://openalex.org/W2226974677","https://openalex.org/W3208430738","https://openalex.org/W2163378293","https://openalex.org/W2138736927","https://openalex.org/W34563282"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"OBJECTIVE:":[0],"To":[1],"examine":[2],"changes":[3],"in":[4,6,98,106,118,123,141,145,198,201],"mortality":[5,37,100,124,142,199],"rural":[7,58,204],"South":[8,28,202],"Africa":[9,29],"over":[10,182],"the":[11,88,107,119,139,146,183,195,210],"period":[12],"1992-1995":[13],"by":[14],"age,":[15],"sex":[16],"and":[17,34,43,53,78,154,163,167,189],"cause":[18],"of":[19,25,68,90,131,138,174,213],"death.":[20],"DESIGN:":[21],"As":[22],"with":[23,55,72,133],"much":[24],"sub-Saharan":[26],"Africa,":[27],"lacks":[30],"effective":[31],"vital":[32],"registration":[33],"information":[35],"on":[36],"is":[38,110,113,143],"lacking.":[39],"The":[40],"Agincourt":[41],"demographic":[42],"health":[44,51,215],"surveillance":[45],"system":[46,212],"was":[47],"established":[48],"to":[49,57,102],"inform":[50],"policy":[52],"practice":[54],"regard":[56],"subdistrict":[59],"populations.":[60],"METHODS:":[61],"Prospective":[62],"community-based":[63],"study":[64,108],"involving":[65],"annual":[66],"update":[67],"a":[69,91,116],"household":[70],"census":[71],"enquiry":[73],"into":[74],"all":[75],"birth,":[76],"death":[77],"migration":[79],"events.":[80],"All":[81],"reported":[82],"deaths":[83],"(n":[84],"=":[85],"1001)":[86],"are":[87,170],"subject":[89],"verbal":[92],"autopsy.":[93],"RESULTS:":[94],"An":[95],"increasing":[96],"trend":[97,122],"overall":[99],"relative":[101],"general":[103],"population":[104],"growth":[105],"area":[109],"apparent.":[111],"There":[112],"evidence":[114],"for":[115,194,209],"reversal":[117,197],"previously":[120],"declining":[121],"among":[125],"women":[126],"20-44":[127],"years.":[128],"A":[129],"comparison":[130],"1992-1993":[132],"1994-1995":[134],"shows":[135],"that":[136],"most":[137],"increase":[140],"concentrated":[144],"younger":[147],"adult":[148],"(20-49":[149],"year)":[150],"age":[151],"group.":[152],"AIDS":[153,188],"related":[155,190],"diseases,":[156],"particularly":[157],"tuberculosis,":[158],"appear":[159],"primarily":[160],"responsible.":[161],"Injuries":[162],"violence":[164],"(especially":[165],"homicide)":[166],"circulatory":[168],"disease":[169],"important,":[171],"under-recognized":[172],"causes":[173],"death,":[175],"although":[176],"their":[177],"levels":[178],"have":[179],"remained":[180],"constant":[181],"period.":[184],"CONCLUSIONS:":[185],"Mortality":[186],"from":[187],"diseases":[191],"appears":[192],"responsible":[193],"probable":[196],"emerging":[200,211],"Africa's":[203],"northeast.":[205],"Findings":[206],"carry":[207],"implications":[208],"decentralized":[214],"care.":[216]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}