{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092652976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","title":"Behavioral Consequences of Delta-Opioid Receptor Activation in the Periaqueductal Gray of Morphine Tolerant Rats","display_name":"Behavioral Consequences of Delta-Opioid Receptor Activation in the Periaqueductal Gray of Morphine Tolerant Rats","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092652976","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","mag":"2092652976","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19266049","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2650089"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/516328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/np/2009/516328.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185020647","display_name":"Neural Plasticity","issn_l":"1687-5443","issn":["1687-5443","2090-5904"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Plasticity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/np/2009/516328.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031217639","display_name":"Michael M. Morgan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-8557","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3386-8557"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Michael M. Morgan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083165869","display_name":"Michelle Dawn Ashley","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michelle D. Ashley","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004145125","display_name":"Susan Ingram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-8532","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1371-8532"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I137317281","display_name":"Washington State University Vancouver","ror":"https://ror.org/00g2fk805","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I137317281","https://openalex.org/I72951846"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Susan L. Ingram","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, 14204 NE Salmon Creek Avenue, Vancouver, WA 98686, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032114486","display_name":"MacDonald J. Christie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-609X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0622-609X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I129604602","display_name":"The University of Sydney","ror":"https://ror.org/0384j8v12","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MacDonald J. Christie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Brain and Mind Research Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I129604602"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5031217639"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I137317281"],"apc_list":{"value":2830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2830},"apc_paid":{"value":2830,"currency":"USD","value_usd":2830},"fwci":1.7631,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83464915,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2009","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10196","display_name":"Pain Mechanisms and Treatments","score":0.8154000043869019,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10814","display_name":"Neuropeptides and Animal Physiology","score":0.1599999964237213,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11178","display_name":"Receptor Mechanisms and Signaling","score":0.004699999932199717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/delta-opioid-receptor","display_name":"delta opioid receptor","score":0.8870000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/periaqueductal-gray","display_name":"periaqueductal gray","score":0.9399999976158142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/morphine-tolerance","display_name":"morphine tolerance","score":0.9700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deltorphin-ii","display_name":"deltorphin II","score":0.8949999809265137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antinociception","display_name":"antinociception","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locomotor-activity","display_name":"locomotor activity","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chronic-morphine-treatment","display_name":"chronic morphine administration","score":0.6679999828338623}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777389121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q81225","display_name":"Morphine","level":2,"score":0.9205676317214966},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62525196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3311945","display_name":"Microinjection","level":2,"score":0.8363428115844727},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781069035","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1243765","display_name":"Periaqueductal gray","level":4,"score":0.7075676918029785},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778938600","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q389934","display_name":"Agonist","level":3,"score":0.6314781904220581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781063702","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q427523","display_name":"Opioid","level":3,"score":0.6152330040931702},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98274493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128406","display_name":"Pharmacology","level":1,"score":0.602558434009552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5616714954376221},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779985140","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1425425","display_name":"Drug tolerance","level":2,"score":0.5513949394226074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15490471","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2734305","display_name":"Nociception","level":3,"score":0.5248451232910156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.5184230804443359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14397066","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14911924","display_name":"\u03bc-opioid receptor","level":4,"score":0.5071394443511963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141087196","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18030283","display_name":"\u03b4-opioid receptor","level":4,"score":0.4909136891365051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780820201","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173235","display_name":"Analgesic","level":2,"score":0.4296915531158447},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.2917044758796692},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.20694458484649658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C529278444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47273","display_name":"Central nervous system","level":2,"score":0.13279342651367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.07155206799507141},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C552161191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185080","display_name":"Midbrain","level":3,"score":0.04971510171890259}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001522","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Animal","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002404","descriptor_name":"Catheterization","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002462","descriptor_name":"Cell Membrane","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004361","descriptor_name":"Drug Tolerance","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008845","descriptor_name":"Microinjections","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009020","descriptor_name":"Morphine","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009043","descriptor_name":"Motor Activity","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009842","descriptor_name":"Oligopeptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010147","descriptor_name":"Pain Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010487","descriptor_name":"Periaqueductal Gray","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010487","descriptor_name":"Periaqueductal Gray","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017207","descriptor_name":"Rats, Sprague-Dawley","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D017288","descriptor_name":"Pain Threshold","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017465","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Opioid, delta","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D017465","descriptor_name":"Receptors, Opioid, delta","qualifier_ui":"Q000819","qualifier_name":"agonists","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/516328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/np/2009/516328.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185020647","display_name":"Neural Plasticity","issn_l":"1687-5443","issn":["1687-5443","2090-5904"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Plasticity","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:1840446","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2650089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2650089","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2650089","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Plast","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19266049","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19266049","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural plasticity","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.787.1863","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.787.1863","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"ftp://ftp.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pub/pmc/82/d6/NP2009-516328.PMC2650089.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:d2032ad2d26e44fa8003ba151a5b1baa","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/d2032ad2d26e44fa8003ba151a5b1baa","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Neural Plasticity, Vol 2009 (2009)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2009/516328","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2009/516328","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/np/2009/516328.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185020647","display_name":"Neural Plasticity","issn_l":"1687-5443","issn":["1687-5443","2090-5904"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-c","doyens","jufo-1","medline","poland-70","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Neural Plasticity","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8371999859809875,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8471417371","display_name":"Cellular Mechanisms of Opioid Tolerance","funder_award_id":"R01DA015498","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","funder_display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332161","display_name":"National Institutes of Health","ror":"https://ror.org/01cwqze88"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337347","display_name":"National Institute on Drug Abuse","ror":"https://ror.org/00fq5cm18"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2092652976.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2092652976.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W322867770","https://openalex.org/W640406365","https://openalex.org/W1626809853","https://openalex.org/W1656098835","https://openalex.org/W1929667086","https://openalex.org/W1968821729","https://openalex.org/W1976262491","https://openalex.org/W1996848646","https://openalex.org/W2001933690","https://openalex.org/W2003567620","https://openalex.org/W2004222924","https://openalex.org/W2006161690","https://openalex.org/W2008202352","https://openalex.org/W2010327147","https://openalex.org/W2016715239","https://openalex.org/W2018327597","https://openalex.org/W2019232587","https://openalex.org/W2021128306","https://openalex.org/W2027591014","https://openalex.org/W2034697726","https://openalex.org/W2037963154","https://openalex.org/W2040653848","https://openalex.org/W2046599344","https://openalex.org/W2047377971","https://openalex.org/W2047644719","https://openalex.org/W2063687928","https://openalex.org/W2065120008","https://openalex.org/W2067351786","https://openalex.org/W2069218553","https://openalex.org/W2075926642","https://openalex.org/W2079086501","https://openalex.org/W2089602180","https://openalex.org/W2090168785","https://openalex.org/W2124430334","https://openalex.org/W2127373397","https://openalex.org/W2155551154","https://openalex.org/W2280164981","https://openalex.org/W2290403596","https://openalex.org/W2484443027","https://openalex.org/W4406070378"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097251391","https://openalex.org/W2005831983","https://openalex.org/W1987900987","https://openalex.org/W2384911887","https://openalex.org/W1977403914","https://openalex.org/W2067540876","https://openalex.org/W2090168785","https://openalex.org/W2000630933","https://openalex.org/W2317550389","https://openalex.org/W2080872002"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Chronic":[0],"morphine":[1,18,50,60,81,96,111,133,157],"administration":[2,134],"shifts":[3],"delta-opioid":[4],"receptors":[5,144],"(DORs)":[6],"from":[7],"the":[8,11,20,28,33,39,74,79,120,138,151],"cytoplasm":[9],"to":[10,32,38,47,148],"plasma":[12],"membrane.":[13],"Given":[14],"that":[15,27,87,114,131],"microinjection":[16],"of":[17,30,59,71,142],"into":[19,73],"PAG":[21],"produces":[22],"antinociception,":[23],"it":[24],"is":[25],"hypothesized":[26],"movement":[29],"DORs":[31,136],"membrane":[34],"will":[35],"allow":[36],"antinociception":[37,86,154],"DOR":[40],"agonist":[41],"deltorphin":[42,72,104],"II":[43],"as":[44],"a":[45,84,92,106],"way":[46],"compensate":[48,149],"for":[49,67,150],"tolerance.":[51,158],"Tolerance":[52],"was":[53,115],"induced":[54],"by":[55,156],"twice":[56],"daily":[57],"injections":[58],"(5,":[61],"10,":[62],"or":[63,99],"20":[64],"mg/kg,":[65],"subcutaneous)":[66],"3.5":[68],"days.":[69],"Microinjection":[70],"vPAG":[75],"6":[76],"hours":[77],"after":[78],"last":[80],"injection":[82],"produced":[83],"mild":[85],"did":[88],"not":[89,146],"vary":[90],"in":[91,108,110,119,124,128,137,153],"consistent":[93],"manner":[94],"across":[95],"pretreatment":[97],"doses":[98],"nociceptive":[100],"tests.":[101],"In":[102],"contrast,":[103],"caused":[105,155],"decrease":[107,123,152],"activity":[109,125],"tolerant":[112],"rats":[113],"associated":[116],"with":[117],"lying":[118],"cage.":[121],"The":[122],"and":[126],"change":[127],"behavior":[129],"indicate":[130],"chronic":[132],"alters":[135],"vPAG.":[139],"However,":[140],"activation":[141],"these":[143],"does":[145],"appear":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-06T12:05:46.655746","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}