{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092568469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","title":"A Tale of Entrepreneurship in Two Iraqi Cities","display_name":"A Tale of Entrepreneurship in Two Iraqi Cities","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092568469","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","mag":"2092568469"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764810659","display_name":"Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"0827-6331","issn":["0827-6331","2169-2610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036533699","display_name":"Sameeksha Desai","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-414X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9483-414X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I592451","display_name":"Indiana University","ror":"https://ror.org/01kg8sb98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sameeksha Desai","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Indiana University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Indiana University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036533699"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I592451"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6776,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.82018181,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"24","issue":"2","first_page":"283","last_page":"292"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.885699987411499,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12693","display_name":"Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy","score":0.11150000244379044,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12786","display_name":"Innovation and Socioeconomic Development","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1403","display_name":"Business and International Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurship","display_name":"entrepreneurship","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-conflict-transition","display_name":"post-conflict transition","score":0.6669999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/institutional-context","display_name":"institutional environment","score":0.7450000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/historical-context","display_name":"historical context","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/small-business","display_name":"small business","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/southern-iraq","display_name":"southern Iraq","score":0.7300000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.8522133827209473},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.8240035176277161},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158154518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310970","display_name":"Relevance (law)","level":2,"score":0.7761853933334351},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5876947045326233},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26271046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187097","display_name":"Economic geography","level":1,"score":0.517001748085022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.3663634657859802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136264566","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159810","display_name":"Economy","level":1,"score":0.3485329747200012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2716834545135498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.25184908509254456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.1202685534954071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.055356383323669434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/08276331.2011.10593539","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764810659","display_name":"Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship","issn_l":"0827-6331","issn":["0827-6331","2169-2610"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","fnege-4","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-20","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Small Business & Entrepreneurship","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"},{"score":0.8046000003814697,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W596415452","https://openalex.org/W1483840026","https://openalex.org/W1926293703","https://openalex.org/W1947748013","https://openalex.org/W1976808408","https://openalex.org/W1995849033","https://openalex.org/W2006785711","https://openalex.org/W2075282733","https://openalex.org/W2084405116","https://openalex.org/W2087748205","https://openalex.org/W2114987439","https://openalex.org/W2116184502","https://openalex.org/W2141951329","https://openalex.org/W2144546191","https://openalex.org/W2145185408","https://openalex.org/W2167593462","https://openalex.org/W2329849488","https://openalex.org/W2612270692","https://openalex.org/W3124825311","https://openalex.org/W3125262783","https://openalex.org/W4300103684"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090430238","https://openalex.org/W7223210369","https://openalex.org/W7132825872","https://openalex.org/W2488587447","https://openalex.org/W7133566061","https://openalex.org/W7046935439","https://openalex.org/W2802022241","https://openalex.org/W2324783595","https://openalex.org/W2047336521","https://openalex.org/W7096960251"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Businesses":[0],"play":[1],"an":[2],"important":[3,34],"role":[4],"in":[5,7,55],"societies":[6],"conflict,":[8],"contributing":[9],"to":[10],"trajectories":[11],"of":[12,18,28,37,46,52],"continued":[13],"conflict":[14],"or":[15],"transitioning":[16],"out":[17],"conflict.":[19],"The":[20],"institutional":[21,48],"and":[22,30,49],"historic":[23,50],"context":[24,51],"affects":[25],"the":[26,44,47],"potential":[27],"entrepreneurship":[29],"can":[31],"be":[32],"particularly":[33],"during":[35],"times":[36],"change.":[38],"In":[39],"this":[40],"paper,":[41],"I":[42],"discuss":[43],"relevance":[45],"two":[53],"cities":[54],"southern":[56],"Iraq.":[57]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-14T16:39:01.820549","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}