{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092347246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","title":"The Polish Experience of Local Democracy: is Progress being made?","display_name":"The Polish Experience of Local Democracy: is Progress being made?","publication_year":1992,"publication_date":"1992-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092347246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","mag":"2092347246"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1332/030557392783054865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17167983","display_name":"Policy & Politics","issn_l":"0305-5736","issn":["0305-5736","1470-8442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy &amp; Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069861195","display_name":"Pawe\u0142 Swianiewicz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-6738","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1890-6738"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4654613","display_name":"University of Warsaw","ror":"https://ror.org/039bjqg32","country_code":"PL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}],"countries":["PL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Pawel Swianiewicz","raw_affiliation_strings":["European Institute for Regional and Local Development, University of Warsaw"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"European Institute for Regional and Local Development, University of Warsaw","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5069861195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4654613"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.4363,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98572687,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"2","first_page":"87","last_page":"98"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.29980000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13247","display_name":"Local Governance and Planning","score":0.29980000853538513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3305","display_name":"Geography, Planning and Development"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13291","display_name":"Political Theory and Democracy","score":0.17550000548362732,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14005","display_name":"Eastern European Communism and Reforms","score":0.1460999995470047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-democracy","display_name":"local democracy","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government-reform","display_name":"local government reform","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/post-communist-transition","display_name":"post-communist transition","score":0.8259999752044678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-government","display_name":"local government","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/comparative-local-government","display_name":"comparative local government","score":0.4650000035762787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hungary","display_name":"Hungary","score":0.8539999723434448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-councils","display_name":"local councils","score":0.5649999976158142}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555826173","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7174","display_name":"Democracy","level":3,"score":0.7316540479660034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780129039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1931107","display_name":"Section (typography)","level":2,"score":0.6025465726852417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.5201554894447327},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186720457","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7087","display_name":"Consciousness","level":2,"score":0.5039088129997253},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4929356575012207},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194232998","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606712","display_name":"Transition (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.4732956290245056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778737903","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q182985","display_name":"Electoral system","level":4,"score":0.4390527009963989},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138921699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47555","display_name":"Political economy","level":1,"score":0.4246724843978882},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.3402571678161621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.23316162824630737},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.22439220547676086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.17942672967910767},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.14974191784858704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14688551425933838},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1332/030557392783054865","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1332/030557392783054865","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S17167983","display_name":"Policy & Politics","issn_l":"0305-5736","issn":["0305-5736","1470-8442"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-3","jufo-2","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320460","host_organization_name":"Policy Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320460"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Policy Press"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Policy &amp; Politics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8999999761581421}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2942285821","https://openalex.org/W4383504813","https://openalex.org/W287499617","https://openalex.org/W3122972374","https://openalex.org/W1143329660","https://openalex.org/W4206604049","https://openalex.org/W4417476189","https://openalex.org/W3215041329","https://openalex.org/W6997657812","https://openalex.org/W4396564894"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,96],"aim":[1,97],"of":[2,11,43,64,79,86,98,120,143,147,182],"this":[3,53],"paper":[4],"is":[5,29,102,126,164],"to":[6,31,74,103,105,114,166,190],"review":[7],"the":[8,19,33,40,48,58,61,65,69,84,87,99,108,118,124,134,144,174,185,195,203],"Polish":[9,169],"experience":[10],"local":[12,22,44,80],"democracy":[13],"less":[14],"than":[15],"a":[16,76,140],"year":[17],"after":[18],"first":[20,145],"free":[21],"election":[23],"(27":[24],"May,":[25],"1990).":[26],"But":[27],"it":[28,163],"impossible":[30],"understand":[32],"present":[34,94,139,196],"situation":[35],"without":[36],"looking":[37],"back":[38],"at":[39,83],"previous":[41],"system":[42],"authorities":[45],"and":[46,60,90,123,156,173,193,205],"so":[47],"article":[49],"begins":[50],"by":[51],"describing":[52],"system.":[54,67],"Next":[55],"I":[56,72,138,150,188,198],"discuss":[57,104],"introduction":[59],"main":[62],"features":[63],"new":[66,148],"In":[68,184],"third":[70],"section":[71,101],"try":[73,189],"give":[75],"brief":[77],"description":[78,142],"leaders\u2019":[81],"consciousness":[82],"beginning":[85],"transition":[88],"process":[89],"its":[91],"implications":[92],"for":[93],"reforms.":[95],"next":[100],"what":[106],"extent":[107],"changes":[109],"in":[110,117],"Poland":[111],"are":[112,171],"similar":[113],"those":[115],"occurring":[116],"rest":[119],"Eastern":[121],"Europe":[122],"hypothesis":[125],"forwarded":[127],"that":[128,168,200],"comparisons":[129],"with":[130],"Hungary":[131],"may":[132],"be":[133],"most":[135],"interesting.":[136],"Finally,":[137],"critical":[141],"experiences":[146],"councils.":[149],"concentrate":[151],"on":[152,160],"their":[153],"problems,":[154],"conflicts":[155],"obvious":[157],"mistakes,":[158],"not":[159,178],"success,":[161],"but":[162],"necessary":[165],"remember":[167],"communes":[170],"differentiated":[172],"problems":[175,204],"described":[176],"do":[177],"always":[179],"concern":[180],"all":[181,202],"them.":[183],"final":[186],"chapter":[187],"sum":[191],"up":[192],"evaluate":[194],"situation.":[197],"argue":[199],"despite":[201],"misunderstandings":[206],"some":[207],"progress":[208],"has":[209],"been":[210],"made.":[211]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-21T06:26:12.895304","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
