{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092292209","doi":null,"title":"Global resources and international conflict : environmental factors in strategic policy and action","display_name":"Global resources and international conflict : environmental factors in strategic policy and action","publication_year":1986,"publication_date":"1986-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092292209","mag":"2092292209"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000357149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=000357149&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":[],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046757644","display_name":"Arthur H. Westing","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Arthur H. Westing","raw_affiliation_strings":[],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5046757644"],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":16.3237,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":127,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.98795505,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":null,"last_page":null},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11755","display_name":"Transboundary Water Resource Management","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11755","display_name":"Transboundary Water Resource Management","score":0.7207000255584717,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10053","display_name":"International Relations and Foreign Policy","score":0.08910000324249268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14372","display_name":"Environmental and Biological Research in Conflict Zones","score":0.06369999796152115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2308","display_name":"Management, Monitoring, Policy and Law"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-resource-scarcity","display_name":"natural resource scarcity","score":0.8930000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-depletion","display_name":"resource depletion","score":0.6320000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/international-conflict","display_name":"international conflict","score":0.7089999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/national-rivalries","display_name":"national rivalries","score":0.7390000224113464},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/war","display_name":"war","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-strategy","display_name":"military strategy","score":0.5180000066757202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/environmental-security","display_name":"environmental security","score":0.6399999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/population-growth","display_name":"population growth","score":0.6949999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oil","display_name":"oil","score":0.7910000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-gas","display_name":"natural gas","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/minerals","display_name":"minerals","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freshwater","display_name":"freshwater","score":0.9120000004768372},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fisheries","display_name":"fisheries","score":0.8410000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/food-crops","display_name":"food crops","score":0.8999999761581421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resource-availability","display_name":"resource availability","score":0.3779999911785126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109747225","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q815758","display_name":"Scarcity","level":2,"score":0.7201365232467651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29985473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188460","display_name":"Natural resource","level":2,"score":0.6856445074081421},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175605778","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299701","display_name":"Natural resource economics","level":1,"score":0.602179229259491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.599889874458313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C549605437","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1229911","display_name":"Food security","level":3,"score":0.54488205909729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77352025","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q386191","display_name":"Population growth","level":3,"score":0.5077427625656128},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2908647359","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2625603","display_name":"Population","level":2,"score":0.4569568634033203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198428699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334780","display_name":"Environmental degradation","level":2,"score":0.4545414447784424},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C528167355","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q258307","display_name":"National security","level":2,"score":0.4500489830970764},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780791683","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846785","display_name":"Action (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4457568824291229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.4231279194355011},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166566181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8065","display_name":"Natural disaster","level":2,"score":0.4228418469429016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776608160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4785462","display_name":"Natural (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.4165303111076355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153823671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049799","display_name":"Water resources","level":2,"score":0.41455695033073425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91375879","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15473274","display_name":"Environmental planning","level":1,"score":0.3862573504447937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107826830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q929380","display_name":"Environmental resource management","level":1,"score":0.37294313311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C526734887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q832237","display_name":"Environmental protection","level":1,"score":0.3412344753742218},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.2815878987312317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118518473","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11451","display_name":"Agriculture","level":2,"score":0.2729833126068115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.23819509148597717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.2247753143310547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.1945442259311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.1000872552394867},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34447519","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q179522","display_name":"Market economy","level":1,"score":0.0793098509311676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153294291","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25261","display_name":"Meteorology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"pmh:oai:aleph.bib-bvb.de:BVB01-000357149","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&amp;doc_library=BVB01&amp;local_base=BVB01&amp;doc_number=000357149&amp;sequence=000002&amp;line_number=0001&amp;func_code=DB_RECORDS&amp;service_type=MEDIA","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:472672","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=472672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Libros"},{"id":"pmh:oai:bibliotecavirtualdefensa.es:529152","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://bibliotecavirtual.defensa.gob.es/BVMDefensa/es/consulta/registro.do?id=529152","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196928","display_name":"Virtual Defense Library (Ministerio de Defensa)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210162908","host_organization_name":"Ministerio de Defensa","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210162908"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Libros"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dspace.nehu.ac.in:123456789/14170","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dspace.nehu.ac.in/handle/123456789/14170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196577","display_name":"North-Eastern Hill University Library (North Eastern Hill University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I197465736","host_organization_name":"North Eastern Hill University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197465736"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Book"},{"id":"mag:2092292209","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://ci.nii.ac.jp/ncid/BA00301292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306463708","display_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"ebook platform"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Oxford University Press eBooks","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5473999977111816,"display_name":"Peace, justice, and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"score":0.5400000214576721,"display_name":"Life below water","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/14"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W606315560","https://openalex.org/W2268728846","https://openalex.org/W7219364635","https://openalex.org/W1488272758","https://openalex.org/W25744398","https://openalex.org/W3095908785","https://openalex.org/W6992493071","https://openalex.org/W7014987872","https://openalex.org/W394914157","https://openalex.org/W2958628390"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"volume":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,32,45,67,74],"extent":[4],"to":[5,21],"which":[6],"global":[7],"deficiencies":[8],"and":[9,26,42,57,61,76,81],"degradation":[10],"of":[11,34,44,69,79,88],"natural":[12,47,50],"resources,":[13],"coupled":[14],"with":[15],"their":[16],"uneven":[17],"distribution,":[18,39],"can":[19],"lead":[20],"unlikely":[22],"alliances,":[23],"national":[24],"rivalries,":[25],"even":[27],"war.":[28],"The":[29],"study":[30],"evaluates":[31],"influence":[33],"such":[35],"factors":[36],"as":[37],"geographical":[38],"availability,":[40],"scarcity,":[41],"depletion":[43],"world's":[46],"resources--including":[48],"oil,":[49],"gas,":[51],"minerals,":[52],"fresh":[53],"water,":[54],"ocean":[55],"fisheries,":[56],"food":[58],"crops--on":[59],"strategic":[60],"military":[62],"policy-making.":[63],"Westing":[64],"also":[65],"studies":[66],"effect":[68],"differential":[70],"population":[71],"growth":[72],"on":[73],"actual":[75],"perceived":[77],"availability":[78],"resources":[80],"presents":[82],"an":[83],"expanded,":[84],"environmentally":[85],"based":[86],"view":[87],"international":[89],"security.":[90]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":11},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":6}],"updated_date":"2026-08-26T07:47:46.906454","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
