{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092255261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","title":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN BAHRAIN","display_name":"AN EMPIRICAL STUDY OF RELATIVE EFFICIENCY OF THE BANKING INDUSTRY IN BAHRAIN","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092255261","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","mag":"2092255261"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb028779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141165859","display_name":"Studies in Economics and Finance","issn_l":"1086-7376","issn":["1086-7376","1755-6791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Economics and Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001446777","display_name":"M. Kabir Hassan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-3545","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6274-3545","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9086-2813","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8807-2863"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I192396691","display_name":"LSU New Orleans","ror":"https://ror.org/034mtvk83","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.K. HASSAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of New Orleans"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of New Orleans","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I192396691"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008247869","display_name":"Adel A. Al\u2010Sharkas","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I49502546","display_name":"Alfred University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k81gt67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. AL\u2010SHARKAS","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alfred University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alfred University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I49502546"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022840875","display_name":"Abdus Samad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-3914","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6372-3914"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I197572798","display_name":"Utah Valley University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxpxc98","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. SAMAD","raw_affiliation_strings":["Utah Valley State College"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Utah Valley State College","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I197572798"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.5059,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":28,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.70221297,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"22","issue":"2","first_page":"40","last_page":"69"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10357","display_name":"Efficiency Analysis Using DEA","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10127","display_name":"Banking stability, regulation, efficiency","score":0.0017999999690800905,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14183","display_name":"Banking Sector Performance and Management","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1402","display_name":"Accounting"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-efficiency","display_name":"bank efficiency","score":0.7829999923706055},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cost-efficiency","display_name":"cost efficiency","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/allocative-efficiency","display_name":"allocative efficiency","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/technical-efficiency","display_name":"technical efficiency","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pure-technical-efficiency","display_name":"pure technical efficiency","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scale-efficiency","display_name":"scale efficiency","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/determinants-of-bank-efficiency","display_name":"determinants of bank efficiency","score":0.7369999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/market-power","display_name":"market power","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bank-size","display_name":"bank size","score":0.7480000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/profitability","display_name":"profitability","score":0.5879999995231628},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/shareholder-ownership","display_name":"shareholder ownership","score":0.45399999618530273},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-envelopment-analysis","display_name":"data envelopment analysis","score":0.6639999747276306}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196345963","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4175604","display_name":"Allocative efficiency","level":2,"score":0.9394799470901489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778869765","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6028363","display_name":"Inefficiency","level":2,"score":0.9390630125999451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22088475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q647974","display_name":"Data envelopment analysis","level":2,"score":0.7729679346084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.6920585632324219},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204983608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2111958","display_name":"Productivity","level":2,"score":0.5242864489555359},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1273860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2517710","display_name":"Diseconomies of scale","level":3,"score":0.520648181438446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C92145119","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7247859","display_name":"Productive efficiency","level":3,"score":0.4933303892612457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149782125","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160039","display_name":"Econometrics","level":1,"score":0.47522857785224915},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6422946","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857354","display_name":"Panel data","level":2,"score":0.46725887060165405},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.4573930501937866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.2928413450717926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29321873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5970087","display_name":"Economies of scale","level":2,"score":0.2780017852783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.2551221251487732},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.14520710706710815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1383686065673828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12364619970321655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/eb028779","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/eb028779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S141165859","display_name":"Studies in Economics and Finance","issn_l":"1086-7376","issn":["1086-7376","1755-6791"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Studies in Economics and Finance","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eme:sef000:eb028779","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb028779.html?utm_source=repec&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=repec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eme:sefpps:eb028779","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.emerald.com/insight/content/doi/10.1108/eb028779/full/html?utm_source=repec&utm_medium=feed&utm_campaign=repec","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1483784287","https://openalex.org/W1514266925","https://openalex.org/W1535866388","https://openalex.org/W1977182161","https://openalex.org/W1980312070","https://openalex.org/W1981604518","https://openalex.org/W1982432558","https://openalex.org/W1982501601","https://openalex.org/W1985417099","https://openalex.org/W1991804880","https://openalex.org/W1994049177","https://openalex.org/W2000025142","https://openalex.org/W2008351113","https://openalex.org/W2014876819","https://openalex.org/W2015409185","https://openalex.org/W2015922994","https://openalex.org/W2020848809","https://openalex.org/W2022623535","https://openalex.org/W2023767185","https://openalex.org/W2041365066","https://openalex.org/W2041481454","https://openalex.org/W2046327335","https://openalex.org/W2051696911","https://openalex.org/W2054644951","https://openalex.org/W2055010094","https://openalex.org/W2055646637","https://openalex.org/W2057112515","https://openalex.org/W2059793359","https://openalex.org/W2062598600","https://openalex.org/W2066342077","https://openalex.org/W2066528567","https://openalex.org/W2070827978","https://openalex.org/W2076452041","https://openalex.org/W2077326133","https://openalex.org/W2077999412","https://openalex.org/W2104273667","https://openalex.org/W2111652331","https://openalex.org/W2121311919","https://openalex.org/W2162180338","https://openalex.org/W2505743652","https://openalex.org/W3124170885","https://openalex.org/W4252382292","https://openalex.org/W4252451855","https://openalex.org/W4388062689"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4294094363","https://openalex.org/W4242702486","https://openalex.org/W2971288703","https://openalex.org/W4416400477","https://openalex.org/W2164344441","https://openalex.org/W4290752825","https://openalex.org/W7112221492","https://openalex.org/W2035423388","https://openalex.org/W4200511937","https://openalex.org/W2253564703"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,104,195],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"relative":[3],"efficiency":[4,33,43,61,107,117,154,164,205,225],"of":[5,15,52,60,129,175,222,243],"the":[6,19,48,69,78,80,114,126,172,176,220,223],"banking":[7,81],"industry":[8,82],"in":[9,83,95,101,131,149,211,256],"Bahrain":[10,84,132,181],"by":[11],"employing":[12],"a":[13,240],"panel":[14],"31":[16],"banks":[17,133,182,201,233,262],"for":[18,180],"years":[20],"1998":[21,96],"and":[22,41,54,90,99,160,189,207,231,258],"2000.":[23],"We":[24,45,227],"employ":[25],"non\u2010parametric":[26],"(Data":[27],"Envelopment":[28],"Analysis)":[29],"to":[30,62,136,147,218,237,269],"examine":[31],"five":[32,58],"measures,":[34],"namely,":[35],"cost,":[36],"allocative,":[37],"technical,":[38],"pure":[39,162,184],"technical":[40,116,137,163,178,185,259,272],"scale":[42,153,191],"scores.":[44,226],"also":[46,197],"investigate":[47,63,219],"conventional":[49],"accounting":[50,66],"measures":[51,59],"performance,":[53],"correlate":[55],"them":[56],"with":[57,87,263],"whether":[64],"higher":[65,241],"performance":[67],"impact":[68],"bank":[70],"cost":[71,257],"efficiency.":[72,244],"Our":[73],"results":[74,196],"show":[75],"that,":[76],"on":[77],"average,":[79],"is":[85,109,119,134,144,156,166,183,216],"profitable":[86,232],"average":[88,105,115,152,161],"ROE":[89],"ROA":[91],"being":[92],"10.36%":[93],"1.622%":[94],"while":[97],"13.49%":[98],"2.097%":[100],"2000":[102],"respectively.":[103],"allocative":[106,141],"(inefficiency)":[108,118,155,165],"about":[110,120,157,167],"73%":[111],"(37%),":[112],"whereas":[113],"56%":[121],"(78%).":[122],"This":[123],"indicates":[124],"that":[125,171,199,229,249],"dominant":[127],"source":[128,174],"inefficiency":[130,138,179,186,192],"due":[135],"rather":[139],"than":[140],"inefficiency,":[142],"which":[143],"mainly":[145],"attributed":[146],"diseconomies":[148],"scale.":[150],"Overall,":[151],"79%":[158],"(26%),":[159],"71%":[168],"(41%),":[169],"suggesting":[170],"major":[173],"total":[177],"(input":[187],"related)":[188],"not":[190],"(output":[193],"related).":[194],"indicate":[198],"all":[200],"have":[202],"improved":[203],"their":[204],"levels":[206],"experienced":[208],"some":[209],"gains":[210],"productivity.":[212],"Finally,":[213],"regression":[214],"analysis":[215],"used":[217],"determinants":[221],"overall":[224],"find":[228],"larger":[230],"are":[234],"more":[235,271],"likely":[236],"operate":[238],"at":[239],"level":[242],"Also,":[245],"another":[246],"finding":[247],"reveals":[248],"market":[250],"power":[251],"plays":[252],"an":[253],"important":[254],"role":[255],"efficiencies.":[260],"Notably,":[261],"greater":[264],"contribution":[265],"from":[266],"shareholders":[267],"tend":[268],"be":[270],"efficient":[273]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-05T12:25:35.769452","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}