{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092205331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","title":"CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE INCIDENCE OF CRAMPING OR INJURY DURING PRE-SEASON COLLEGE FOOTBALL TRAINING I","display_name":"CREATINE DOES NOT INCREASE INCIDENCE OF CRAMPING OR INJURY DURING PRE-SEASON COLLEGE FOOTBALL TRAINING I","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092205331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","mag":"2092205331"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-abstract","is_traditional":false,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013865822","display_name":"Richard B. Kreider","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-1658","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3906-1658"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Kreider","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111815427","display_name":"C. Melton","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Melton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Hunt","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Hunt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003932699","display_name":"Christopher J. Rasmussen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8941-3067","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8941-3067"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Rasmussen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"J. Ransom","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Ransom","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"T. Stroud","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Stroud","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110054869","display_name":"Edward C. Cantler","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Cantler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085043158","display_name":"Purvis Milnor","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I94658018","display_name":"University of Memphis","ror":"https://ror.org/01cq23130","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Milnor","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of HMSE, University of Memphis, Memphis, TN 38152","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I94658018"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"31","issue":"Supplement","first_page":"S355","last_page":"S355"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.4758000075817108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11246","display_name":"Sports injuries and prevention","score":0.4758000075817108,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11399","display_name":"Muscle metabolism and nutrition","score":0.4666000008583069,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2916","display_name":"Nutrition and Dietetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/29","display_name":"Nursing"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10157","display_name":"Sports Performance and Training","score":0.02419999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2732","display_name":"Orthopedics and Sports Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/creatine-supplementation","display_name":"creatine supplementation","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cramping","display_name":"cramping","score":0.7979999780654907},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sports-injury-incidence","display_name":"sports injury incidence","score":0.7300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/college-football-players","display_name":"college football players","score":0.8669999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/preseason-training","display_name":"pre-season training","score":0.8960000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-tightness","display_name":"muscle tightness","score":0.7319999933242798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/muscle-strain","display_name":"muscle strain","score":0.6259999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/joint-injuries","display_name":"joint injuries","score":0.7519999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/illness","display_name":"illness","score":0.34700000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/resistance-training","display_name":"resistance training","score":0.6460000276565552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/injury-prevention","display_name":"injury prevention","score":0.3089999854564667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cold-weather-training","display_name":"cold weather training","score":0.36500000953674316},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contact-injuries","display_name":"contact injuries","score":0.3330000042915344},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-contact-injuries","display_name":"non-contact injuries","score":0.6779999732971191}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779896295","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine","level":2,"score":0.887786865234375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.7068696618080139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61511704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671857","display_name":"Incidence (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.5827289819717407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781054738","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4813730","display_name":"Athletes","level":2,"score":0.5521312952041626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776868573","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46855","display_name":"Sprint","level":2,"score":0.5496528744697571},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.44239887595176697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778444522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1081491","display_name":"Football","level":2,"score":0.44172969460487366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2910054578","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223600","display_name":"Creatine Monohydrate","level":4,"score":0.41246891021728516},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.4013855457305908},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.3562657833099365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27081682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q269829","display_name":"Placebo","level":3,"score":0.13543561100959778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.09420329332351685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00005768-199905001-01790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S14544163","display_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","issn_l":"0195-9131","issn":["0195-9131","1530-0315"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9789000153541565,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4232661845","https://openalex.org/W1585686067","https://openalex.org/W2066492086","https://openalex.org/W105411503","https://openalex.org/W2004290926","https://openalex.org/W2186572124","https://openalex.org/W2025550659","https://openalex.org/W2091024877","https://openalex.org/W2783804961","https://openalex.org/W1995076155"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1794":[0],"Anecdotal":[1],"reports":[2],"suggest":[3],"that":[4,205,290],"creatine":[5,22,58,66,95,189,275,291],"supplementation":[6,23,292],"during":[7,27,69,280,293],"intense":[8],"training":[9,113,169,197,297],"increases":[10],"the":[11,20,73,167,206,274,305],"incidence":[12,207,306],"of":[13,30,47,57,65,77,88,115,122,185,208,250,307,322],"cramping":[14,209,309],"and/or":[15],"injury.":[16,311],"This":[17],"study":[18],"examined":[19],"effects":[21],"on":[24],"cramping/injury":[25],"rates":[26],"two":[28],"phases":[29,198],"preseason":[31],"college":[32,295],"football":[33,37,296],"training.":[34,71],"Division":[35],"IA":[36],"players":[38,91,279],"participated":[39],"in":[40,147,298],"this":[41],"open":[42],"label":[43],"safety":[44],"study.":[45],"34":[46,76],"77":[48],"athletes":[49],"(44%)":[50,283],"ingested":[51,81],"a":[52,82,106],"supplement":[53,84,108],"containing":[54,85,109],"15.75":[55],"g/d":[56,64,87],"for":[59,67,188,196],"5-d":[60],"followed":[61],"by":[62,166,313],"5.25":[63],"20-d":[68],"pre-camp":[70,281],"During":[72],"17-d":[74],"camp,":[75],"100":[78],"subjects":[79],"(34%)":[80],"carbohydrate/protein":[83,107],"8.3":[86],"creatine.":[89,111],"Remaining":[90],"were":[92,104,177,268],"either":[93],"former":[94],"users":[96],"(>":[97],"1":[98],"month":[99],"cessation)":[100],"or":[101,271,310],"non-users":[102],"and":[103,128,171,192,200,260,284],"provided":[105],"no":[110],"Pre-camp":[112],"consisted":[114],"4-5":[116],"d/wk":[117],"(70\u00b17":[118],"min":[119],"per":[120,141],"workout)":[121],"resistance-training":[123],"indoors":[124],"(28\u00b11\u00b0C,":[125],"79\u00b12%":[126],"RH)":[127],"sprint/agility":[129],"conditioning":[130,282],"outdoors":[131],"(32\u00b10.9\u00b0C,":[132],"84\u00b13%":[133],"RH).":[134,163],"Subjects":[135],"practiced":[136],"2":[137],"to":[138,153,156,175,254],"3":[139],"times":[140],"day":[142],"(207\u00b117":[143],"min/d,":[144],"6":[145],"d/wk)":[146],"environmental":[148,300],"conditions":[149,301],"ranging":[150],"from":[151],"29":[152],"37\u00b0C,":[154],"58":[155],"91%":[157],"RH":[158],"(33.7":[159],"\u00b1":[160],"0.6\u00b0C,":[161],"79\u00b12.4%":[162],"Injuries":[164],"treated":[165,186],"athletic":[168],"staff":[170],"missed":[172,251],"practices":[173,252,263],"due":[174,253],"injury":[176,255],"recorded.":[178],"Data":[179],"are":[180],"presented":[181],"as":[182],"total":[183,261],"number":[184,249],"injuries/complaints":[187],"users/total":[190],"occurrences":[191],"percentage":[193],"occurrence":[194],"rate":[195,277],"I":[199],"II,":[201],"respectively.":[202],"Results":[203,288],"revealed":[204],"(0/1,":[210,234],"0%;":[211,216,228,235,241],"17/49,":[212],"35%),":[213],"heat/dehydration":[214],"(0/0,":[215,240,245,256],"3/8,":[217],"38%),":[218,259],"muscle":[219,225,308],"tightness":[220],"(1/3,":[221],"33%;":[222],"5/12,":[223],"42%),":[224],"pulls/strains":[226],"(0/3,":[227],"1/7,":[229],"14%),":[230],"non-contact":[231],"joint":[232],"injuries":[233,239],"7/22,":[236],"32%),":[237],"contact":[238],"4/11,":[242],"36%),":[243],"illness":[244],"0%,":[246,257],"1/10,":[247],"10%),":[248],"26/70,":[258],"injuries/missed":[262],"(1/8,":[264],"13%;":[265],"64/188,":[266],"34%)":[267],"generally":[269],"proportional":[270],"lower":[272],"than":[273],"use":[276],"among":[278],"fall":[285],"camp":[286],"(34%).":[287],"indicate":[289],"pre-season":[294],"hot/humid":[299],"does":[302],"not":[303],"increase":[304],"Supported":[312],"Experimental":[314],"&":[315,320],"Applied":[316],"Sciences.":[317],"Golden":[318],"CO":[319],"University":[321],"Memphis.":[323]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}