{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092058433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","title":"Metabolic engineering by genome shuffling","display_name":"Metabolic engineering by genome shuffling","publication_year":2002,"publication_date":"2002-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092058433","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","mag":"2092058433","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12089547"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1038/nbt0702-666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009763658","display_name":"Gregory N Stephanopoulos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-4568","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6909-4568"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Gregory Stephanopoulos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bayer Professor of Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 56-469, Cambridge, 02319, MA","Bayer Professor of Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bayer Professor of Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 77 Massachusetts Avenue, Room 56-469, Cambridge, 02319, MA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bayer Professor of Department of Chemical Engineering, Chemical Engineering and Biotechnology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009763658"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":{"value":12690,"currency":"USD","value_usd":12690},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0847,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":100,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.7449063,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"20","issue":"7","first_page":"666","last_page":"668"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10932","display_name":"Microbial Metabolic Engineering and Bioproduction","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10120","display_name":"Bacterial Genetics and Biotechnology","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10497","display_name":"Fungal and yeast genetics research","score":9.999999747378752e-05,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/genome-shuffling","display_name":"genome shuffling","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolic-engineering","display_name":"metabolic engineering","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorial-methods","display_name":"combinatorial methods","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacteria","display_name":"bacteria","score":0.7860000133514404}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167927819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1930567","display_name":"Shuffling","level":2,"score":0.9313268661499023},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141231307","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7020","display_name":"Genome","level":3,"score":0.618647038936615},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779454882","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5205776","display_name":"DNA shuffling","level":5,"score":0.611547589302063},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6350086","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6822347","display_name":"Metabolic engineering","level":3,"score":0.5675410628318787},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70721500","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177005","display_name":"Computational biology","level":1,"score":0.5262072682380676},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.506983757019043},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191908910","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q862838","display_name":"Synthetic biology","level":2,"score":0.4595232903957367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.424045592546463},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127716648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q104053","display_name":"Phenotype","level":3,"score":0.4167989492416382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9418097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q440681","display_name":"Directed evolution","level":4,"score":0.25786781311035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.22639793157577515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.2160457968711853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143065580","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3285695","display_name":"Mutant","level":3,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002384","descriptor_name":"Catalysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005285","descriptor_name":"Fermentation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005818","descriptor_name":"Genetic Engineering","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007778","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000201","qualifier_name":"enzymology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007778","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007778","descriptor_name":"Lactobacillus","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008954","descriptor_name":"Models, Biological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008967","descriptor_name":"Molecular Biology","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D009154","descriptor_name":"Mutation","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010641","descriptor_name":"Phenotype","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011522","descriptor_name":"Protons","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011995","descriptor_name":"Recombination, Genetic","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013302","descriptor_name":"Streptomyces","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013302","descriptor_name":"Streptomyces","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014644","descriptor_name":"Genetic Variation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015645","descriptor_name":"Tylosin","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015964","descriptor_name":"Gene Expression Regulation, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016680","descriptor_name":"Genome, Bacterial","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019020","descriptor_name":"Directed Molecular Evolution","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019143","descriptor_name":"Evolution, Molecular","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D019344","descriptor_name":"Lactic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000096","qualifier_name":"biosynthesis","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D024861","descriptor_name":"Genetic Enhancement","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D030781","descriptor_name":"Organisms, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":"Q000235","qualifier_name":"genetics","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D030781","descriptor_name":"Organisms, Genetically Modified","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1038/nbt0702-666","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1038/nbt0702-666","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S106963461","display_name":"Nature Biotechnology","issn_l":"0733-222X","issn":["0733-222X","1087-0156","1546-1696","2331-3684"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-200","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319908","host_organization_name":"Nature Portfolio","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319908","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Nature Portfolio","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature Biotechnology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12089547","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12089547","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Nature biotechnology","raw_type":"Comment"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1964144538","https://openalex.org/W1985288140","https://openalex.org/W2028113659","https://openalex.org/W2037060512","https://openalex.org/W2052698568","https://openalex.org/W2156434958","https://openalex.org/W2462327257"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1978957886","https://openalex.org/W2069010302","https://openalex.org/W2356098818","https://openalex.org/W2040922553","https://openalex.org/W2037060512","https://openalex.org/W2368509931","https://openalex.org/W3088235489","https://openalex.org/W1967197994","https://openalex.org/W2793295430","https://openalex.org/W2083415015"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-03T10:50:19.383937","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
