{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2092015176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","title":"The Effect of Thermal History on the Hot Ductility of Microalloyed Steels.","display_name":"The Effect of Thermal History on the Hot Ductility of Microalloyed Steels.","publication_year":1999,"publication_date":"1999-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2092015176","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","mag":"2092015176"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational1989/39/3/39_3_253/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63511553","display_name":"ISIJ International","issn_l":"0915-1559","issn":["0915-1559","1347-5460"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800556","host_organization_name":"The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISIJ International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","doaj"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational1989/39/3/39_3_253/_pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109123363","display_name":"A.M. Elwazri","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. M. El-Wazri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065114900","display_name":"Ferri P. Hassani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-7907","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0894-7907"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Hassani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070805288","display_name":"S. Yue","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-7195","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9245-7195"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Yue","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113878727","display_name":"El Hachmi Essadiqi","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4387154566","display_name":"Canmet Mining","ror":"https://ror.org/008ec8r60","country_code":"CA","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1281735042","https://openalex.org/I2802286613","https://openalex.org/I4387154566"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Es-Sadiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Materials Technology Laboratory, CANMET"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Materials Technology Laboratory, CANMET","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4387154566"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113936762","display_name":"Laurie E. Collins","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"L. E. Collins","raw_affiliation_strings":["IPSCO, Inc"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"IPSCO, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"K. Iqbal","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. Iqbal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Manitoba Rolling Mills"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Manitoba Rolling Mills","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":93000,"currency":"JPY","value_usd":700},"apc_paid":{"value":93000,"currency":"JPY","value_usd":700},"fwci":3.9803,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90316997,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"39","issue":"3","first_page":"253","last_page":"262"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.7782999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10386","display_name":"Microstructure and Mechanical Properties of Steels","score":0.7782999873161316,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11126","display_name":"Metallurgical Processes and Thermodynamics","score":0.12269999831914902,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2506","display_name":"Metals and Alloys"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11201","display_name":"Metallurgy and Material Forming","score":0.05700000002980232,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2211","display_name":"Mechanics of Materials"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hot-ductility","display_name":"hot ductility","score":0.9860000014305115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microalloyed-steel","display_name":"microalloyed steel","score":0.9520000219345093},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thermal-history","display_name":"thermal history","score":0.7099999785423279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/continuous-casting","display_name":"continuous casting","score":0.8489999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transverse-cracking","display_name":"transverse cracking","score":0.7580000162124634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/isothermal-tensile-testing","display_name":"isothermal tensile testing","score":0.8009999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/grain-boundary-ferrite","display_name":"grain boundary ferrite","score":0.9020000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/niobium-precipitation","display_name":"niobium precipitation","score":0.8270000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.8643985390663147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776512210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5311608","display_name":"Ductility (Earth science)","level":3,"score":0.759827196598053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133347239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q486921","display_name":"Isothermal process","level":2,"score":0.7551383376121521},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779684419","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1506832","display_name":"Continuous casting","level":2,"score":0.6410500407218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.6389877200126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112950240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76005","display_name":"Ultimate tensile strength","level":2,"score":0.6296956539154053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182508753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q115605","display_name":"Tensile testing","level":3,"score":0.6287457942962646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776153231","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2384527","display_name":"Microalloyed steel","level":4,"score":0.44689613580703735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37210646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5105088","display_name":"Ferrite (magnet)","level":2,"score":0.43377673625946045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.4279259145259857},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39353612","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5283759","display_name":"Atmospheric temperature range","level":2,"score":0.41570568084716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87976508","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1498213","display_name":"Microstructure","level":2,"score":0.20060613751411438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96288455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q487286","display_name":"Austenite","level":3,"score":0.1663316786289215},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149912024","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q462188","display_name":"Creep","level":2,"score":0.10813495516777039},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97355855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11473","display_name":"Thermodynamics","level":1,"score":0.07608535885810852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational1989/39/3/39_3_253/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63511553","display_name":"ISIJ International","issn_l":"0915-1559","issn":["0915-1559","1347-5460"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800556","host_organization_name":"The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISIJ International","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2355/isijinternational.39.253","pdf_url":"https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/isijinternational1989/39/3/39_3_253/_pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S63511553","display_name":"ISIJ International","issn_l":"0915-1559","issn":["0915-1559","1347-5460"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-a","jufo-1","norway-1","oarl","poland-100","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800556","host_organization_name":"The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800556"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["The Iron and Steel Institute of Japan"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"ISIJ International","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319197","display_name":"Iron and Steel Institute of Japan","ror":"https://ror.org/018402t03"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334593","display_name":"Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada","ror":"https://ror.org/01h531d29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2092015176.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2092015176.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1980344250"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7028012530","https://openalex.org/W2092394801","https://openalex.org/W2554100788","https://openalex.org/W7055879472","https://openalex.org/W7000812954","https://openalex.org/W2021839933","https://openalex.org/W3042151477","https://openalex.org/W2899009335","https://openalex.org/W2095543818","https://openalex.org/W2066695099"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Transverse":[0],"cracks":[1],"in":[2,250,267],"continuous":[3,116],"cast":[4,14,93],"steels":[5,138],"can":[6],"form":[7],"if":[8],"the":[9,13,17,37,42,60,77,82,99,115,134,147,162,175,179,185,200,203,208,213,230,239,247,255,258],"hot":[10,24,61,154,168,209,248],"ductility":[11,62,155,169,249],"of":[12,63,73,90,114,143,232,241,243,260],"steel":[15],"at":[16,98,178,212],"unbending":[18,100],"stage":[19],"is":[20,193,217,221],"poor.":[21],"To":[22],"measure":[23],"ductility,":[25,210],"tensile":[26,54,105,131,181,214],"specimens":[27,83],"are":[28],"usually":[29],"reheated":[30],"to":[31,36,41,58,76,86,103,107,167,229],"a":[32,64,67,91,104,140,194,269],"high":[33,52],"temperature":[34,44,53,79,141,227],"(preferably":[35],"melting":[38],"point),":[39],"cooled":[40],"test":[43,78,106,182,215],"and":[45,66,96],"then":[46],"isothermally":[47],"fractured.":[48],"In":[49,109],"this":[50,224,251],"work,":[51],"testing":[55],"was":[56,189],"used":[57],"determine":[59],"Nb-Ti":[65,186],"Ti-B":[68,256],"microalloyed":[69],"steel.":[70],"However,":[71,146,253],"instead":[72],"cooling":[74],"directly":[75],"after":[80],"melting,":[81],"were":[84,119,123],"subjected":[85,102],"thermal":[87,204,261],"histories":[88],"typical":[89],"continuously":[92],"billet":[94],"surface,":[95],"then,":[97],"temperature,":[101,197,216],"fracture.":[108],"other":[110],"words,":[111],"physical":[112,148,163],"simulations":[113,149],"casting":[117],"procedure":[118],"performed.":[120],"The":[121],"results":[122],"compared":[124],"with":[125],"those":[126],"generated":[127],"by":[128,174,199],"conventional":[129],"isothermal":[130,135,176],"testing.":[132],"For":[133,157,184],"tests,":[136],"both":[137,158],"exhibited":[139],"range":[142],"low":[144],"ductility.":[145],"did":[150],"not":[151,264],"reveal":[152],"such":[153,268],"behaviour.":[156],"steels,":[159],"almost":[160],"all":[161],"simulation":[164],"variants":[165],"led":[166],"values":[170],"lower":[171],"than":[172],"predicted":[173],"tests":[177],"corresponding":[180],"temperature.":[183],"steel,":[187,257],"it":[188],"revealed":[190],"that":[191,223],"there":[192],"critical":[195,225],"minimum":[196,226],"attained":[198],"specimen":[201],"during":[202],"history,":[205],"below":[206],"which":[207,236],"measured":[211],"much":[218],"reduced.":[219],"It":[220],"assumed":[222],"leads":[228],"formation":[231,242],"grain":[233],"boundary":[234],"ferrite,":[235],"probably":[237],"enhances":[238],"rate":[240],"Nb":[244],"precipitates,":[245],"decreasing":[246],"way.":[252],"for":[254],"effect":[259],"history":[262],"could":[263],"be":[265],"explained":[266],"straightforward":[270],"manner.":[271]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-27T15:51:10.671819","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}