{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091934331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","title":"Ammonia toxicity mechanism in fish: Studies on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)","display_name":"Ammonia toxicity mechanism in fish: Studies on rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri Rich.)","publication_year":1981,"publication_date":"1981-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091934331","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","mag":"2091934331","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7297470"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13733787","display_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","issn_l":"0147-6513","issn":["0147-6513","1090-2414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2091934331"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"A. Arillo","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. Arillo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080131479","display_name":"C. Margiocco","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Margiocco","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035602833","display_name":"Federico Melodia","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Melodia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090232956","display_name":"PAOLA MENSI","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"P. Mensi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091864918","display_name":"Guido Schenone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83816512","display_name":"University of Genoa","ror":"https://ror.org/0107c5v14","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Schenone","raw_affiliation_strings":["Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Istituto di Zoologia dell'Universit\u00e0 di Genova, Genoa, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83816512"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9088,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":162,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.64609053,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"3","first_page":"316","last_page":"328"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10447","display_name":"Environmental Toxicology and Ecotoxicology","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2307","display_name":"Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10506","display_name":"Aquaculture disease management and microbiota","score":0.0010000000474974513,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2403","display_name":"Immunology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/24","display_name":"Immunology and Microbiology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11056","display_name":"Physiological and biochemical adaptations","score":0.0005000000237487257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ammonia-toxicity","display_name":"ammonia toxicity","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/un-ionized-ammonia","display_name":"un-ionized ammonia","score":0.9359999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rainbow-trout","display_name":"rainbow trout","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fish-neurotoxicity","display_name":"fish neurotoxicity","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/brain-energy-metabolism","display_name":"brain energy metabolism","score":0.7170000076293945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate","display_name":"glutamate","score":0.6930000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaba","display_name":"GABA","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp","display_name":"ATP","score":0.39100000262260437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nadh","display_name":"NADH","score":0.871999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/succinic-acid","display_name":"succinic acid","score":0.7760000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lactate","display_name":"lactate","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamine","display_name":"glutamine","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/liver-metabolism","display_name":"hepatic metabolism","score":0.6639999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebral-hypoxia","display_name":"cerebral hypoxia","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exposure-time","display_name":"exposure time","score":0.5}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777940460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q310436","display_name":"Salmo","level":3,"score":0.8492317199707031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994167347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q187986","display_name":"Rainbow trout","level":3,"score":0.8486528992652893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779349466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181619","display_name":"Glutamine","level":3,"score":0.7049946784973145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779701627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207051","display_name":"Taurine","level":3,"score":0.7019577026367188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C29730261","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q274160","display_name":"Toxicity","level":2,"score":0.6768990159034729},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779363728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2258881","display_name":"Trout","level":3,"score":0.6532295346260071},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776382133","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4087","display_name":"Ammonia","level":2,"score":0.6516820192337036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.5291581153869629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.4997107982635498},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779289688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418306","display_name":"Glutamine synthetase","level":4,"score":0.44401687383651733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777756961","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620730","display_name":"Glycine","level":3,"score":0.4402810037136078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2909208804","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127282","display_name":"Fish <Actinopterygii>","level":2,"score":0.43362730741500854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.4197571277618408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3788510859012604},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C505870484","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180538","display_name":"Fishery","level":1,"score":0.21946081519126892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C515207424","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8066","display_name":"Amino acid","level":2,"score":0.08056968450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178790620","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11351","display_name":"Organic chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000596","descriptor_name":"Amino Acids","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000641","descriptor_name":"Ammonia","qualifier_ui":"Q000633","qualifier_name":"toxicity","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001921","descriptor_name":"Brain","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007773","descriptor_name":"Lactates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008099","descriptor_name":"Liver","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009243","descriptor_name":"NAD","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012487","descriptor_name":"Salmonidae","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013386","descriptor_name":"Succinates","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D014337","descriptor_name":"Trout","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D050260","descriptor_name":"Carbohydrate Metabolism","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0147-6513(81)90006-3","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S13733787","display_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","issn_l":"0147-6513","issn":["0147-6513","1090-2414"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-100","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7297470","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7297470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Ecotoxicology and environmental safety","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":50,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W117488228","https://openalex.org/W140868171","https://openalex.org/W202004645","https://openalex.org/W1550754902","https://openalex.org/W1586779650","https://openalex.org/W1592565027","https://openalex.org/W1663649587","https://openalex.org/W1965664048","https://openalex.org/W1968834637","https://openalex.org/W1979198879","https://openalex.org/W1980851620","https://openalex.org/W1982214256","https://openalex.org/W1983954548","https://openalex.org/W1987080089","https://openalex.org/W1991004795","https://openalex.org/W1994323684","https://openalex.org/W1997745717","https://openalex.org/W2002241263","https://openalex.org/W2007505650","https://openalex.org/W2008669867","https://openalex.org/W2019598353","https://openalex.org/W2020940106","https://openalex.org/W2028419530","https://openalex.org/W2035012178","https://openalex.org/W2040526829","https://openalex.org/W2041257397","https://openalex.org/W2041501567","https://openalex.org/W2043305007","https://openalex.org/W2053035117","https://openalex.org/W2062980184","https://openalex.org/W2069868003","https://openalex.org/W2085920222","https://openalex.org/W2086514431","https://openalex.org/W2087055348","https://openalex.org/W2093134460","https://openalex.org/W2120746654","https://openalex.org/W2132135875","https://openalex.org/W2135844588","https://openalex.org/W2136050503","https://openalex.org/W2148815262","https://openalex.org/W2153438741","https://openalex.org/W2170974856","https://openalex.org/W2204008620","https://openalex.org/W2284736652","https://openalex.org/W2422215128","https://openalex.org/W2477297000","https://openalex.org/W2496090432","https://openalex.org/W3215619572","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6689816444"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1979709962","https://openalex.org/W2051967946","https://openalex.org/W1982214256","https://openalex.org/W2088449924","https://openalex.org/W2122403605","https://openalex.org/W2094072682","https://openalex.org/W2113316036","https://openalex.org/W2040008260","https://openalex.org/W2291044178","https://openalex.org/W1974373174"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-11-13T13:42:25.865203","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}