{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091778298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","title":"Effect of cognitive load on articulation rate and formant frequencies during simulator flights","display_name":"Effect of cognitive load on articulation rate and formant frequencies during simulator flights","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091778298","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","mag":"2091778298","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21428521"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.3543948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067299949","display_name":"Kerttu H. Huttunen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-8801","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4790-8801"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerttu H. Huttunen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu Institute of Clinical Medicine/Department of Otorhinolaryngology, , P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu Institute of Clinical Medicine/Department of Otorhinolaryngology, , P.O. Box 5000, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Heikki I. Ker\u00e4nen","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98381234","display_name":"University of Oulu","ror":"https://ror.org/03yj89h83","country_code":"FI","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki I. Ker\u00e4nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Oulu MediaTeam Oulu, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, , P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oulu MediaTeam Oulu, Department of Electrical and Information Engineering, , P.O. Box 4500, Oulu, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98381234"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091627595","display_name":"Rauno J. P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-0489","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0063-0489"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801770344","display_name":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health","ror":"https://ror.org/030wyr187","country_code":"FI","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801770344"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rauno J. P\u00e4\u00e4kk\u00f6nen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Finnish Institute of Occupational Health ,P.O. Box 486, Tampere, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Finnish Institute of Occupational Health ,P.O. Box 486, Tampere, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801770344"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008828441","display_name":"R. P\u00e4ivikki Eskelinen-R\u00f6nk\u00e4","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. P\u00e4ivikki Eskelinen-R\u00f6nk\u00e4","raw_affiliation_strings":["Accident Investigation Board Finland/Speech and Audio Analysis , Helsinki, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Accident Investigation Board Finland/Speech and Audio Analysis , Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029235422","display_name":"Tuomo K. Leino","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801260548","display_name":"Finnish Defence Forces","ror":"https://ror.org/04avm2781","country_code":"FI","type":"other","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801260548"]}],"countries":["FI"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tuomo K. Leino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Command Finland , P.O. Box 30, Tikkakoski, Finland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Command Finland , P.O. Box 30, Tikkakoski, Finland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801260548"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.258,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.66028232,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"129","issue":"3","first_page":"1580","last_page":"1593"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10403","display_name":"Phonetics and Phonology Research","score":0.9907000064849854,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10525","display_name":"Human-Automation Interaction and Safety","score":0.0038999998942017555,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3307","display_name":"Human Factors and Ergonomics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11640","display_name":"Linguistic Variation and Morphology","score":0.0010999999940395355,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3310","display_name":"Linguistics and Language"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-load","display_name":"cognitive load","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/articulation-rate","display_name":"articulation rate","score":0.9539999961853027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formant-frequencies","display_name":"formant frequencies","score":0.9470000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/military-pilots","display_name":"military pilots","score":0.7599999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/situational-awareness","display_name":"situational awareness","score":0.8550000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decision-making","display_name":"decision-making","score":0.9480000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-intelligibility","display_name":"speech intelligibility","score":0.7929999828338623},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clear-speech","display_name":"clear speech","score":0.5839999914169312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aviation-radio-communication","display_name":"aviation radio communication","score":0.753000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-production","display_name":"speech production","score":0.36000001430511475}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158215666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1414685","display_name":"Formant","level":3,"score":0.8611980080604553},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61641136","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1107019","display_name":"Cognitive load","level":3,"score":0.6382783651351929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.505863606929779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.47036051750183105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776035688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1606558","display_name":"Affect (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.44279250502586365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36933642","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214090","display_name":"Place of articulation","level":4,"score":0.4296163320541382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66029223","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q210847","display_name":"Manner of articulation","level":2,"score":0.42153507471084595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617652","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7575399","display_name":"Speech production","level":2,"score":0.41405338048934937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.38152918219566345},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.31606099009513855},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778203577","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38035","display_name":"Consonant","level":3,"score":0.14034304022789001},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46312422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11024","display_name":"Communication","level":1,"score":0.11103543639183044},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779581591","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36244","display_name":"Vowel","level":2,"score":0.10597527027130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000401","descriptor_name":"Aircraft","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D001364","descriptor_name":"Awareness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003198","descriptor_name":"Computer Simulation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003657","descriptor_name":"Decision Making","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008606","descriptor_name":"Mental Processes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008889","descriptor_name":"Military Personnel","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013018","descriptor_name":"Sound Spectrography","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013061","descriptor_name":"Speech Acoustics","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013065","descriptor_name":"Speech Intelligibility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013067","descriptor_name":"Speech Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013068","descriptor_name":"Speech Production Measurement","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D032882","descriptor_name":"Comprehension","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1121/1.3543948","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1121/1.3543948","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S11296630","display_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","issn_l":"0001-4966","issn":["0001-4966","1520-8524","1520-9024"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","ccf-b","cwts-core","dongbi-b","erih-plus","jufo-3","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-2","poland-100","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320226","host_organization_name":"Acoustical Society of America","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320226"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Acoustical Society of America"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:21428521","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/21428521","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":86,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W7847722","https://openalex.org/W17144746","https://openalex.org/W81754047","https://openalex.org/W91051382","https://openalex.org/W100503177","https://openalex.org/W171551000","https://openalex.org/W186518881","https://openalex.org/W1536462692","https://openalex.org/W1538449995","https://openalex.org/W1571655350","https://openalex.org/W1574354462","https://openalex.org/W1576234442","https://openalex.org/W1583053084","https://openalex.org/W1652406920","https://openalex.org/W1711889567","https://openalex.org/W1781978087","https://openalex.org/W1973161221","https://openalex.org/W1978273334","https://openalex.org/W1979270493","https://openalex.org/W1980877068","https://openalex.org/W1982395926","https://openalex.org/W1984227063","https://openalex.org/W1984327771","https://openalex.org/W1988008186","https://openalex.org/W1988718407","https://openalex.org/W1996836253","https://openalex.org/W1998252523","https://openalex.org/W1999629932","https://openalex.org/W2005066269","https://openalex.org/W2005592325","https://openalex.org/W2007810428","https://openalex.org/W2010950770","https://openalex.org/W2014955720","https://openalex.org/W2015500309","https://openalex.org/W2015516923","https://openalex.org/W2022194925","https://openalex.org/W2024224450","https://openalex.org/W2027370878","https://openalex.org/W2029173882","https://openalex.org/W2031826925","https://openalex.org/W2052047948","https://openalex.org/W2056762027","https://openalex.org/W2059303722","https://openalex.org/W2061030457","https://openalex.org/W2064749740","https://openalex.org/W2069757512","https://openalex.org/W2071175130","https://openalex.org/W2071323752","https://openalex.org/W2072328708","https://openalex.org/W2072612968","https://openalex.org/W2076068537","https://openalex.org/W2082134222","https://openalex.org/W2084251569","https://openalex.org/W2086381991","https://openalex.org/W2098740605","https://openalex.org/W2114772172","https://openalex.org/W2118724520","https://openalex.org/W2120263268","https://openalex.org/W2121131833","https://openalex.org/W2121573480","https://openalex.org/W2121817902","https://openalex.org/W2122022287","https://openalex.org/W2131323972","https://openalex.org/W2131569772","https://openalex.org/W2133780491","https://openalex.org/W2145114078","https://openalex.org/W2149426195","https://openalex.org/W2157655747","https://openalex.org/W2158705122","https://openalex.org/W2169818172","https://openalex.org/W2225596309","https://openalex.org/W2248894152","https://openalex.org/W2260845711","https://openalex.org/W2273015749","https://openalex.org/W2296098438","https://openalex.org/W2439996153","https://openalex.org/W2486844610","https://openalex.org/W2498735723","https://openalex.org/W2504979835","https://openalex.org/W3020737195","https://openalex.org/W3045497008","https://openalex.org/W4231669441","https://openalex.org/W4300630567","https://openalex.org/W4387031329","https://openalex.org/W7037886454","https://openalex.org/W7043105161"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2010950770","https://openalex.org/W1573511107","https://openalex.org/W1885693054","https://openalex.org/W4391028720","https://openalex.org/W2072612968","https://openalex.org/W2988987671","https://openalex.org/W4409102412","https://openalex.org/W2077783981","https://openalex.org/W2968828526","https://openalex.org/W387557568"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"It":[0],"was":[1,39,66],"explored":[2],"how":[3],"three":[4,133],"types":[5,134],"of":[6,11,26,96,101,114,122,135,170,179,186,196],"intensive":[7],"cognitive":[8,115,136,187],"load":[9,137,188],"typical":[10],"military":[12,29],"aviation":[13,158,172],"(load":[14],"on":[15,77],"situation":[16,78],"awareness,":[17],"information":[18],"processing,":[19],"or":[20,88],"decision-making)":[21],"affect":[22,165],"speech.":[23],"The":[24,126],"utterances":[25],"13":[27],"male":[28],"pilots":[30],"were":[31,54,91,129],"recorded":[32],"during":[33,182],"simulated":[34],"combat":[35],"flights.":[36],"Articulation":[37,64],"rate":[38,65],"calculated":[40],"from":[41,56],"the":[42,46,94,97,132,177,194],"speech":[43,151,166,181],"samples,":[44],"and":[45,50,80,106,117,120,138,140,148,159,161,174],"first":[47],"formant":[48,52],"(F1)":[49],"second":[51],"(F2)":[53],"tracked":[55],"first-syllable":[57],"short":[58],"vowels":[59,103,124],"in":[60,86,93,143,157,176],"pre-defined":[61],"phoneme":[62],"environments.":[63],"found":[67],"to":[68,155],"correlate":[69],"negatively":[70],"(albeit":[71],"with":[72,75,84],"low":[73],"coefficients)":[74],"loads":[76],"awareness":[79],"decision-making":[81],"but":[82],"not":[83],"changes":[85,142,163],"F1":[87,100,119,139],"F2.":[89],"Changes":[90],"seen":[92,130],"spectrum":[95],"vowels:":[98],"mean":[99,108],"front":[102],"usually":[104],"increased":[105],"their":[107],"F2":[109,121,141],"decreased":[110],"as":[111],"a":[112,183],"function":[113],"load,":[116],"both":[118],"back":[123,144],"increased.":[125],"strongest":[127],"associations":[128],"between":[131],"vowels.":[145],"Because":[146],"fluent":[147],"clear":[149,180],"radio":[150],"communication":[152],"is":[153],"vital":[154],"safety":[156],"temporal":[160],"spectral":[162],"may":[164],"intelligibility,":[167],"careful":[168],"use":[169],"standard":[171],"phraseology":[173],"training":[175],"production":[178],"high":[184],"level":[185],"are":[189],"important":[190],"measures":[191],"that":[192],"diminish":[193],"probability":[195],"possible":[197],"misunderstandings.":[198]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
