{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091596740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","title":"Assessing Handwriting Intervention Effectiveness in Elementary School Students: A Two-Group Controlled Study","display_name":"Assessing Handwriting Intervention Effectiveness in Elementary School Students: A Two-Group Controlled Study","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-19","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091596740","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","mag":"2091596740","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23245779"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205451775","display_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","issn_l":"0272-9490","issn":["0272-9490","1943-7676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316113","host_organization_name":"American Occupational Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316113"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Occupational Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003850170","display_name":"Tsu-Hsin Howe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-6385","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9540-6385"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsu-Hsin Howe","raw_affiliation_strings":["Tsu-Hsin Howe, PhD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 35 West Fourth Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10012;","Tsu-Hsin Howe, PhD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 35 West Fourth Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10012; tsuhsin.howe@nyu.edu"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsu-Hsin Howe, PhD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 35 West Fourth Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10012;","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Tsu-Hsin Howe, PhD, OTR, is Assistant Professor, Department of Occupational Therapy, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, 35 West Fourth Street, 11th Floor, New York, NY 10012; tsuhsin.howe@nyu.edu","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037256711","display_name":"Karen Laurie Roston","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I186555701","display_name":"New York City Department of Education","ror":"https://ror.org/01wx3gr42","country_code":"US","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I186555701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karen Laurie Roston","raw_affiliation_strings":["Karen Laurie Roston, DPS, OT, is Occupational Therapist, New York City Board of Education, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Karen Laurie Roston, DPS, OT, is Occupational Therapist, New York City Board of Education, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I186555701"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088123595","display_name":"Ching\u2010Fan Sheu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-5768","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5978-5768"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I91807558","display_name":"National Cheng Kung University","ror":"https://ror.org/01b8kcc49","country_code":"TW","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}],"countries":["TW"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ching-Fan Sheu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ching-Fan Sheu, PhD, is Professor, Institute of Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ching-Fan Sheu, PhD, is Professor, Institute of Education, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I91807558"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5107423809","display_name":"Jim Hinojosa","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-0171","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5790-0171"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I57206974","display_name":"New York University","ror":"https://ror.org/0190ak572","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jim Hinojosa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jim Hinojosa, PhD, OT, BCP, FAOTA, is Professor, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jim Hinojosa, PhD, OT, BCP, FAOTA, is Professor, Steinhardt School of Culture, Education, and Human Development, New York University, New York","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I57206974"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":26.3297,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":70,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99365847,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"67","issue":"1","first_page":"19","last_page":"26"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12070","display_name":"Writing and Handwriting Education","score":0.9911999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3304","display_name":"Education"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12241","display_name":"Children's Physical and Motor Development","score":0.0071000000461936,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10982","display_name":"Motor Control and Adaptation","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-intervention","display_name":"handwriting intervention","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-legibility","display_name":"handwriting legibility","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-speed","display_name":"handwriting speed","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-motor-skills","display_name":"visuomotor skills","score":0.9779999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/response-to-intervention","display_name":"Response to Intervention","score":0.8080000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/elementary-school-students","display_name":"elementary school students","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/first-and-second-grade","display_name":"first and second grade","score":0.7020000219345093}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.9854353666305542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779332521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1820694","display_name":"Legibility","level":2,"score":0.652055561542511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.5960811972618103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5433619022369385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780665704","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q959298","display_name":"Intervention (counseling)","level":2,"score":0.5139381289482117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776459890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3297812","display_name":"Club","level":2,"score":0.45803263783454895},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169976356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902","display_name":"Motor skill","level":2,"score":0.4215564727783203},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.25337648391723633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.22312766313552856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.1883433759212494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.13429012894630432},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002648","descriptor_name":"Child","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002675","descriptor_name":"Child, Preschool","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006236","descriptor_name":"Handwriting","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009048","descriptor_name":"Motor Skills","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009788","descriptor_name":"Occupational Therapy","qualifier_ui":"Q000379","qualifier_name":"methods","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011214","descriptor_name":"Practice, Psychological","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013334","descriptor_name":"Students","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013647","descriptor_name":"Task Performance and Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014796","descriptor_name":"Visual Perception","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015999","descriptor_name":"Multivariate Analysis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","doi":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.5014/ajot.2013.005470","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205451775","display_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","issn_l":"0272-9490","issn":["0272-9490","1943-7676"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-a","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310316113","host_organization_name":"American Occupational Therapy Association","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310316113"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Occupational Therapy Association"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"American Journal of Occupational Therapy","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:23245779","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/23245779","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The American journal of occupational therapy : official publication of the American Occupational Therapy Association","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.9235000014305115},{"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.428600013256073}],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[{"display_name":"Quality education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.800000011920929}],"study_designs":[{"display_name":"Clinical Trial","id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/clinical-trial"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W185782246","https://openalex.org/W1503901760","https://openalex.org/W1595581172","https://openalex.org/W1965622631","https://openalex.org/W1965750566","https://openalex.org/W1970295032","https://openalex.org/W1973280165","https://openalex.org/W1984061236","https://openalex.org/W1993405736","https://openalex.org/W1995781797","https://openalex.org/W1998871699","https://openalex.org/W2000288109","https://openalex.org/W2009821600","https://openalex.org/W2027154813","https://openalex.org/W2029207234","https://openalex.org/W2030382425","https://openalex.org/W2041037884","https://openalex.org/W2058641665","https://openalex.org/W2066893000","https://openalex.org/W2068121792","https://openalex.org/W2076048002","https://openalex.org/W2077366304","https://openalex.org/W2088955103","https://openalex.org/W2099259675","https://openalex.org/W2101638152","https://openalex.org/W2102915777","https://openalex.org/W2116829383","https://openalex.org/W2127674697","https://openalex.org/W2128933986","https://openalex.org/W2130855194","https://openalex.org/W2132096203","https://openalex.org/W2140334324","https://openalex.org/W2146170206","https://openalex.org/W2163086145","https://openalex.org/W2164413334","https://openalex.org/W2770777866","https://openalex.org/W2953849752","https://openalex.org/W4231170166","https://openalex.org/W4251605222","https://openalex.org/W4254758549"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2311343612","https://openalex.org/W2098013343","https://openalex.org/W2054109422","https://openalex.org/W1970364304","https://openalex.org/W2969209162","https://openalex.org/W2896845873","https://openalex.org/W2341327024","https://openalex.org/W2163086145","https://openalex.org/W2791761493","https://openalex.org/W4408344620"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"study":[1],"examined":[2,61],"the":[3,26,78,93,109,117],"effectiveness":[4],"of":[5,70],"two":[6,46],"approaches":[7],"used":[8,37],"in":[9,38,42,77,86,92,100,111,119],"elementary":[10],"schools":[11],"to":[12,146],"improve":[13],"children's":[14],"handwriting.":[15],"Participants":[16],"were":[17,60,106],"72":[18],"New":[19],"York":[20],"City":[21],"public":[22],"school":[23,136],"students":[24,40,76,91,110,118],"from":[25],"first":[27],"and":[28,51,57,103,116,138],"second":[29],"grades.":[30],"A":[31],"nonequivalent":[32],"pretest-posttest":[33],"group":[34,82,115],"design":[35],"was":[36],"which":[39],"engaged":[41],"handwriting":[43,49,80,87,101,113],"activities":[44,121],"using":[45,67],"approaches:":[47],"intensive":[48,79,112],"practice":[50,81,114],"visual-perceptual-motor":[52,94,120],"activities.":[53],"Handwriting":[54,65,124],"speed,":[55],"legibility,":[56],"visual-motor":[58,104],"skills":[59,105],"after":[62],"a":[63,128],"12-wk":[64],"Club":[66,125],"multivariate":[68],"analysis":[69],"variance.":[71],"The":[72,123],"results":[73],"showed":[74],"that":[75,131],"demonstrated":[83],"significant":[84,98],"improvements":[85],"legibility":[88],"compared":[89],"with":[90],"activity":[95],"group.":[96,122],"No":[97],"effects":[99],"speed":[102],"found":[107],"between":[108],"model":[126],"is":[127],"natural":[129],"intervention":[130,144,147],"fits":[132],"easily":[133],"into":[134],"existing":[135],"curriculums":[137],"can":[139],"be":[140],"an":[141],"effective":[142],"short-term":[143],"(response":[145],"Tier":[148],"II).":[149]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}