{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091508013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","title":"Supplementation of diets containing pea meal with exogenous enzymes: Effects on weight gain, feed conversion, nutrient digestibility and gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of growing broiler chicks","display_name":"Supplementation of diets containing pea meal with exogenous enzymes: Effects on weight gain, feed conversion, nutrient digestibility and gross morphology of the gastrointestinal tract of growing broiler chicks","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-07-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091508013","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","mag":"2091508013","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12964627"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00071660301973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111213849","display_name":"British Poultry Science","issn_l":"0007-1668","issn":["0007-1668","1466-1799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067120021","display_name":"Aaron J. Cowieson","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2263","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1682-2263"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.J. Cowieson","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Ayr, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Ayr, Scotland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086010177","display_name":"Thomas Acamovic","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"T. Acamovic","raw_affiliation_strings":["Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Ayr, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Avian Science Research Centre, SAC, Ayr, Scotland","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071115462","display_name":"M.R. Bedford","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-4290","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5308-4290"]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.R. Bedford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Zymetrics Inc, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Zymetrics Inc, Marlborough, Wiltshire, England","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":0,"institutions_distinct_count":0,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.5219,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":83,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93255199,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"44","issue":"3","first_page":"427","last_page":"437"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10152","display_name":"Animal Nutrition and Physiology","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1103","display_name":"Animal Science and Zoology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10450","display_name":"Aquaculture Nutrition and Growth","score":0.0007999999797903001,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1104","display_name":"Aquatic Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12991","display_name":"Phytase and its Applications","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1110","display_name":"Plant Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/11","display_name":"Agricultural and Biological Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pea-meal","display_name":"pea meal","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exogenous-enzymes","display_name":"exogenous enzymes","score":0.8619999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/carbohydrases","display_name":"carbohydrases","score":0.9369999766349792},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/broiler-chicks","display_name":"broiler chicks","score":0.8450000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/weight-gain","display_name":"weight gain","score":0.625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feed-conversion","display_name":"feed conversion","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nutrient-digestibility","display_name":"nutrient digestibility","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metabolizable-energy","display_name":"metabolizable energy","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gastrointestinal-tract-morphology","display_name":"digestive tract morphology","score":0.9039999842643738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/alpha-amylase","display_name":"alpha-amylase","score":0.9210000038146973},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pectinase","display_name":"pectinase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cellulase","display_name":"cellulase","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vegetable-protein-sources","display_name":"vegetable protein sources","score":0.7160000205039978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wheat-based-diets","display_name":"wheat-based diets","score":0.5410000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pea-cultivars","display_name":"pea cultivars","score":0.5320000052452087}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780289900","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q326301","display_name":"Broiler","level":2,"score":0.8337129354476929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.6593080759048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778345441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6460735","display_name":"Meal","level":2,"score":0.6470907330513},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22830521","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q649967","display_name":"Feed conversion ratio","level":3,"score":0.6200679540634155},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776371603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q364900","display_name":"Soybean meal","level":3,"score":0.5921422243118286},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172854840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q419568","display_name":"Pectinase","level":3,"score":0.5742977857589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780320433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3403879","display_name":"Weight gain","level":3,"score":0.5664303302764893},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142796444","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181394","display_name":"Nutrient","level":2,"score":0.5568253397941589},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31903555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1637030","display_name":"Food science","level":1,"score":0.5041369199752808},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C141603559","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q410324","display_name":"Cellulase","level":3,"score":0.48739391565322876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170835558","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17153","display_name":"Amylase","level":3,"score":0.4106152653694153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140793950","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q168091","display_name":"Animal science","level":1,"score":0.36923202872276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.33869248628616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147583825","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q620876","display_name":"Body weight","level":2,"score":0.29678601026535034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C181199279","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8047","display_name":"Enzyme","level":2,"score":0.21251821517944336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.15439492464065552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.051625072956085205},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C206139338","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192355","display_name":"Raw material","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000516","descriptor_name":"alpha-Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000516","descriptor_name":"alpha-Amylases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000821","descriptor_name":"Animal Feed","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000824","descriptor_name":"Animal Nutritional Physiological Phenomena","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002480","descriptor_name":"Cellulase","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002480","descriptor_name":"Cellulase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002645","descriptor_name":"Chickens","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004063","descriptor_name":"Digestion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004064","descriptor_name":"Digestive System","qualifier_ui":"Q000033","qualifier_name":"anatomy & histology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004064","descriptor_name":"Digestive System","qualifier_ui":"Q000254","qualifier_name":"growth & development","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D004064","descriptor_name":"Digestive System","qualifier_ui":"Q000473","qualifier_name":"pathology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005243","descriptor_name":"Feces","qualifier_ui":"Q000737","qualifier_name":"chemistry","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006026","descriptor_name":"Glycoside Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D006026","descriptor_name":"Glycoside Hydrolases","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009753","descriptor_name":"Nutritive Value","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009929","descriptor_name":"Organ Size","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011096","descriptor_name":"Polygalacturonase","qualifier_ui":"Q000008","qualifier_name":"administration & dosage","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011096","descriptor_name":"Polygalacturonase","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011897","descriptor_name":"Random Allocation","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015430","descriptor_name":"Weight Gain","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018532","descriptor_name":"Pisum sativum","qualifier_ui":"Q000009","qualifier_name":"adverse effects","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D019587","descriptor_name":"Dietary Supplements","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00071660301973","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660301973","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111213849","display_name":"British Poultry Science","issn_l":"0007-1668","issn":["0007-1668","1466-1799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.1080/00071660310001598292","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001598292","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00071660310001598292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S111213849","display_name":"British Poultry Science","issn_l":"0007-1668","issn":["0007-1668","1466-1799"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-100","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British Poultry Science","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:12964627","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/12964627","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"British poultry science","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":1.0,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/2","display_name":"Zero hunger"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320319995","display_name":"Department for Environment, Food and Rural Affairs, UK Government","ror":"https://ror.org/00tnppw48"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1589482850","https://openalex.org/W1932028648","https://openalex.org/W1968771963","https://openalex.org/W1976623070","https://openalex.org/W1983733181","https://openalex.org/W1993892551","https://openalex.org/W1997350193","https://openalex.org/W2017438529","https://openalex.org/W2017809653","https://openalex.org/W2018419822","https://openalex.org/W2019402572","https://openalex.org/W2023406355","https://openalex.org/W2024773130","https://openalex.org/W2037902005","https://openalex.org/W2047461079","https://openalex.org/W2047777954","https://openalex.org/W2052476628","https://openalex.org/W2054217564","https://openalex.org/W2055794894","https://openalex.org/W2056360621","https://openalex.org/W2060062005","https://openalex.org/W2060171819","https://openalex.org/W2064039792","https://openalex.org/W2065226799","https://openalex.org/W2067790817","https://openalex.org/W2071944485","https://openalex.org/W2084897718","https://openalex.org/W2085767575","https://openalex.org/W2092768043","https://openalex.org/W2100739772","https://openalex.org/W2104573424","https://openalex.org/W2108140061","https://openalex.org/W2125238195","https://openalex.org/W2126707370","https://openalex.org/W2141563407","https://openalex.org/W2152181883","https://openalex.org/W2283474902","https://openalex.org/W2302053561","https://openalex.org/W2317625824","https://openalex.org/W2512147451","https://openalex.org/W2615156572","https://openalex.org/W4285719527"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4321786592","https://openalex.org/W2038252705","https://openalex.org/W2069155489","https://openalex.org/W2887083292","https://openalex.org/W2511662372","https://openalex.org/W3215486929","https://openalex.org/W2010781649","https://openalex.org/W3133995145","https://openalex.org/W6905106160","https://openalex.org/W2624362515"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"1.":[0],"The":[1,74],"potential":[2,204],"for":[3,43,82,171,209],"the":[4,29,101,117,142,146,150,158,175,183,193],"nutritional":[5],"improvement":[6],"of":[7,15,48,69,85,129,145,149,161,186,195],"pea-based":[8],"diets":[9,35,75,188],"by":[10,192],"supplementation":[11],"with":[12,66],"a":[13,40,59,67,83],"cocktail":[14,68],"exogenous":[16],"carbohydrases":[17],"was":[18,64,121],"investigated":[19],"using":[20],"growing":[21],"broiler":[22,80,210],"chicks.":[23,211],"2.":[24],"Pea":[25],"meals":[26],"(grown":[27],"in":[28,33,104],"UK)":[30],"were":[31,76,93,98,168],"included":[32],"wheat-based":[34],"at":[36],"300":[37],"g/kg":[38],"as":[39,58,205],"partial":[41],"replacement":[42],"an":[44],"approximately":[45],"isonitrogenous":[46],"mixture":[47],"wheat":[49],"and":[50,61,72,90,96,111,123,139,197],"soybean":[51],"meal.":[52],"A":[53],"wheat/soybean":[54],"meal":[55,131,163],"diet":[56,63],"served":[57],"control":[60,176],"each":[62],"supplemented":[65],"alpha-amylase,":[70],"pectinase":[71],"cellulase.":[73],"fed":[77,173],"to":[78,106],"1-d-old":[79],"chicks":[81],"period":[84],"21":[86],"d.":[87],"Weight":[88],"gain":[89],"feed":[91,135],"conversion":[92],"monitored":[94],"weekly":[95],"excreta":[97],"collected":[99],"during":[100],"final":[102],"week":[103],"order":[105],"determine":[107],"nutrient":[108,137],"digestibility":[109,138],"coefficients":[110],"metabolisable":[112],"energy.":[113],"On":[114],"d":[115],"21,":[116],"gastrointestinal":[118],"(GI)":[119],"tract":[120],"excised":[122],"gross":[124],"morphology":[125],"measured.":[126],"3.":[127],"Inclusion":[128],"pea":[130,162,200],"reduced":[132],"weight":[133],"gain,":[134],"conversion,":[136],"also":[140,169],"increased":[141],"relative":[143],"sizes":[144],"distal":[147],"sections":[148],"GI":[151],"tract.":[152],"4.":[153],"Enzyme":[154],"addition":[155,194],"partially":[156],"ameliorated":[157],"detrimental":[159],"effects":[160],"inclusion":[164],"although":[165],"similar":[166],"improvements":[167],"noted":[170],"birds":[172],"on":[174],"diet.":[177],"5.":[178],"It":[179],"is":[180],"concluded":[181],"that":[182,198],"nutritive":[184],"value":[185],"pea-meal-based":[187],"can":[189],"be":[190],"improved":[191],"carbohydrases,":[196],"some":[199],"cultivars":[201],"show":[202],"considerable":[203],"vegetable":[206],"protein":[207],"sources":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}