{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091484792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","title":"Studies on Human Sexual Development. II. Fetal and Maternal Serum Gonadotropin and Sex Steroid Concentrations1","display_name":"Studies on Human Sexual Development. II. Fetal and Maternal Serum Gonadotropin and Sex Steroid Concentrations1","publication_year":1974,"publication_date":"1974-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091484792","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","mag":"2091484792","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4856555"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},"parent_works":[],"lineage":["https://openalex.org/W2091484792"],"child_works_count":0,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109419208","display_name":"F. I. Reyes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362269","display_name":"Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05pr37258","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110535807","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. I. REYES","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269","https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013912610","display_name":"Richard S. Boroditsky","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362269","display_name":"Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05pr37258","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110535807","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. S. BORODITSKY","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269","https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5017018981","display_name":"Jeremy S.D. Winter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362269","display_name":"Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05pr37258","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110535807","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. S. D. WINTER","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269","https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027278078","display_name":"Charles Faiman","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802362269","display_name":"Health Sciences Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/05pr37258","country_code":"CA","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110535807","https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I46247651","display_name":"University of Manitoba","ror":"https://ror.org/02gfys938","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. FAIMAN","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada; Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269","https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departments of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Paediatrics and Physiology, University of Manitoba Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I46247651"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Endocrine and Metabolic Sections of the Health Sciences Centre Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802362269"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":{"value":3750,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3750},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":14.8299,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":388,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99294691,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"38","issue":"4","first_page":"612","last_page":"617"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11956","display_name":"Sexual Differentiation and Disorders","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11956","display_name":"Sexual Differentiation and Disorders","score":0.8598999977111816,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2712","display_name":"Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11077","display_name":"Genetic and Clinical Aspects of Sex Determination and Chromosomal Abnormalities","score":0.08669999986886978,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1311","display_name":"Genetics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10960","display_name":"Hypothalamic control of reproductive hormones","score":0.03370000049471855,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/testosterone","display_name":"testosterone","score":0.765999972820282},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/estradiol","display_name":"estradiol","score":0.878000020980835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/follicle-stimulating-hormone","display_name":"follicle-stimulating hormone","score":0.7620000243186951},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-chorionic-gonadotropin","display_name":"human chorionic gonadotropin","score":0.9350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ovarian-follicle-development","display_name":"ovarian follicle development","score":0.8859999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crown-rump-length","display_name":"crown-rump length","score":0.8550000190734863}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176685330","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q857638","display_name":"Radioimmunoassay","level":2,"score":0.7766896486282349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172680121","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26513","display_name":"Fetus","level":3,"score":0.7662780284881592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.7483935952186584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134018914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162606","display_name":"Endocrinology","level":1,"score":0.748174786567688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779279991","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6058681","display_name":"Testosterone (patch)","level":2,"score":0.6022882461547852},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778782382","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q409770","display_name":"Gonadotropin","level":3,"score":0.49968838691711426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3805440068244934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.38014236092567444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779234561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11995","display_name":"Pregnancy","level":2,"score":0.3113403916358948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71315377","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11364","display_name":"Hormone","level":2,"score":0.21529966592788696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D001827","descriptor_name":"Body Height","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D004958","descriptor_name":"Estradiol","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005333","descriptor_name":"Fetus","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005640","descriptor_name":"Follicle Stimulating Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005865","descriptor_name":"Gestational Age","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007986","descriptor_name":"Luteinizing Hormone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008431","descriptor_name":"Maternal-Fetal Exchange","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011247","descriptor_name":"Pregnancy","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011863","descriptor_name":"Radioimmunoassay","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012737","descriptor_name":"Sex Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013739","descriptor_name":"Testosterone","qualifier_ui":"Q000097","qualifier_name":"blood","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D014316","descriptor_name":"Tritium","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1210/jcem-38-4-612","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S205775358","display_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism","issn_l":"0021-972X","issn":["0021-972X","1945-7197"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-b","doyens","jufo-3","ki-jl-3","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology &amp; Metabolism","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:4856555","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/4856555","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of clinical endocrinology and metabolism","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":1,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W642402266"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2077016255","https://openalex.org/W1541913522","https://openalex.org/W1809238818","https://openalex.org/W2014972178","https://openalex.org/W1541797558","https://openalex.org/W2136111306","https://openalex.org/W2407808488","https://openalex.org/W856013644","https://openalex.org/W2038104978","https://openalex.org/W2069787405"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Individual":[0],"serum":[1,35,78,112,175],"concentrations":[2,36,91,114,218],"of":[3,37,190,197,202,239],"FSH,":[4,38],"\u201chCG-LH,\u201d":[5],"testosterone":[6],"(T)":[7],"and":[8,18,33,40,107,149,242],"estradiol-17\u03b2":[9],"(E2)":[10],"were":[11,27,63,141,211,222],"measured":[12],"by":[13,24,252],"radioimmunoassay":[14],"in":[15,58,68,76,88,123,138,144,167,182,200,208,224],"46":[16],"male":[17,77,203],"33":[19],"female":[20],"human":[21],"fetuses":[22],"delivered":[23],"hysterotomy.":[25],"Results":[26],"correlated":[28],"with":[29,94,154,157],"crownrump":[30],"(CR)":[31],"length":[32],"maternal":[34,150],"\u201chCG-LH\u201d":[39,151,165,176,192],"E2.":[41],"CR-lengths":[42],"ranged":[43],"from":[44],"4.2":[45],"to":[46,50,82,131,194,270],"24.0":[47],"cm":[48,104],"corresponding":[49],"9\u201325":[51],"weeks":[52,100],"fetal":[53,101,148,155,174,246,273],"age.":[54],"Serum":[55,205],"T":[56,79,90,198,234],"levels":[57,80,137,152,193,207],"males":[59,210],"(40\u2013580":[60],"ng/100":[61,72,121],"ml)":[62,122,221],"significantly":[64,179],"higher":[65,142,180],"than":[66,143,181,255],"those":[67],"females":[69,140],"(<":[70],"20\u2013130":[71],"ml).":[73],"A":[74],"pattern":[75],"similar":[81],"that":[83,244],"we":[84],"have":[85],"previously":[86],"reported":[87],"testicular":[89,233],"was":[92,170,178,186],"seen,":[93],"the":[95,139,145,183,195,209,225,237,245,263],"highest":[96],"values":[97],"at":[98,236,258],"11\u201317":[99],"age":[102],"(7\u201315.5":[103],"CR":[105,132],"length)":[106],"a":[108,117,187],"subsequent":[109],"decline.":[110],"Fetal":[111],"E2":[113,136],"varied":[115],"over":[116],"wide":[118],"range":[119],"(<20\u2013>800":[120],"both":[124],"sexes,":[125],"but":[126,215],"showed":[127],"no":[128,158],"apparent":[129,159],"relationship":[130,189],"length.":[133],"Overall":[134],"mean":[135,163,173],"males.":[146],"Both":[147],"declined":[153],"age,":[156],"sex":[160],"difference.":[161],"The":[162,172],"maternal-fetal":[164],"ratio":[166],"paired":[168],"samples":[169],"31:1.":[171],"concentration":[177,199],"newborn.":[184],"There":[185],"temporal":[188],"high":[191,216],"elevation":[196],"sera":[201],"fetuses.":[204],"FSH":[206,217],"low":[212],"or":[213],"undetectable,":[214],"(8\u2013240":[219],"\u03bcg/100":[220],"found":[223],"females.":[226],"These":[227],"data":[228],"provide":[229],"further":[230],"evidence":[231],"for":[232],"secretion":[235],"time":[238],"genital":[240],"differentiation,":[241],"suggest":[243],"Leydig":[247],"cells":[248],"are":[249],"stimulated":[250],"primarily":[251],"chorionic":[253],"rather":[254],"pituitary":[256,274],"gonadotropin":[257,275],"this":[259],"critical":[260],"time.":[261],"On":[262],"other":[264],"hand,":[265],"ovarian":[266],"follicular":[267],"development":[268],"appears":[269],"depend":[271],"upon":[272],"secretion.":[276]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":17},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-11-14T11:04:58.165337","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
