{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091471430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","title":"A \u201cTower of Babel\u201d? \u2013 interrelations and structure of leadership constructs","display_name":"A \u201cTower of Babel\u201d? \u2013 interrelations and structure of leadership constructs","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-03-18","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091471430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","mag":"2091471430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189271","display_name":"Leadership & Organization Development Journal","issn_l":"0143-7739","issn":["0143-7739","1472-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leadership &amp; Organization Development Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039243918","display_name":"Jens Rowold","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-3340","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4457-3340"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jens Rowold","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5091249201","display_name":"Lars Borgmann","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lars Borgmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031443778","display_name":"Mathias Diebig","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-6971","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5657-6971"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200332995","display_name":"TU Dortmund University","ror":"https://ror.org/01k97gp34","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mathias Diebig","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Higher Education, TU Dortmund University, Dortmund, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200332995"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.0571,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":30,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94726933,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":87,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"36","issue":"2","first_page":"137","last_page":"160"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.3677000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12751","display_name":"Leadership and Management in Organizations","score":0.3677000105381012,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1408","display_name":"Strategy and Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10006","display_name":"Job Satisfaction and Organizational Behavior","score":0.30149999260902405,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14436","display_name":"Employee Performance and Leadership","score":0.241799995303154,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1407","display_name":"Organizational Behavior and Human Resource Management"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leadership-constructs","display_name":"leadership constructs","score":0.9760000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformational-leadership","display_name":"transformational leadership","score":0.9330000281333923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transactional-leadership","display_name":"transactional leadership","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laissez-faire-leadership","display_name":"laissez-faire leadership","score":0.9829999804496765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/consideration","display_name":"consideration","score":0.6359999775886536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/initiating-structure","display_name":"initiating structure","score":1.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leader-member-exchange","display_name":"leader-member exchange","score":0.9739999771118164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-redundancy","display_name":"construct redundancy","score":0.6549999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct-validity","display_name":"construct validity","score":0.6740000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68489960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2370659","display_name":"Transactional leadership","level":2,"score":0.7916852235794067},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38775462","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1569376","display_name":"Transformational leadership","level":2,"score":0.7601064443588257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6354175209999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992028219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q484275","display_name":"Leadership theory","level":4,"score":0.5152766704559326},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88251983","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7489549","display_name":"Shared leadership","level":3,"score":0.4808245897293091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45805842","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5188165","display_name":"Cross-cultural leadership","level":5,"score":0.46206602454185486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776291640","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2912517","display_name":"Value (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4332354962825775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.414836585521698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207195186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q846002","display_name":"Neuroleadership","level":4,"score":0.23222732543945312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.18032899498939514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1108/lodj-01-2013-0009","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210189271","display_name":"Leadership & Organization Development Journal","issn_l":"0143-7739","issn":["0143-7739","1472-5347"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-b","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-4","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319811","host_organization_name":"Emerald Publishing Limited","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319811"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Emerald Publishing Limited"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Leadership &amp; Organization Development Journal","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/systematic-review","display_name":"Systematic Review"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/meta-analysis","display_name":"Meta-Analysis"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320879","display_name":"Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft","ror":"https://ror.org/018mejw64"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":163,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W36695739","https://openalex.org/W50184825","https://openalex.org/W105011833","https://openalex.org/W118876603","https://openalex.org/W150790563","https://openalex.org/W595889810","https://openalex.org/W614576585","https://openalex.org/W1483406987","https://openalex.org/W1502331429","https://openalex.org/W1513822522","https://openalex.org/W1520818557","https://openalex.org/W1531151704","https://openalex.org/W1553163851","https://openalex.org/W1571689266","https://openalex.org/W1636219594","https://openalex.org/W1741352683","https://openalex.org/W1964166581","https://openalex.org/W1964585266","https://openalex.org/W1964605289","https://openalex.org/W1966900918","https://openalex.org/W1971080929","https://openalex.org/W1971162731","https://openalex.org/W1973072508","https://openalex.org/W1976765901","https://openalex.org/W1977580879","https://openalex.org/W1978895453","https://openalex.org/W1985193117","https://openalex.org/W1989487708","https://openalex.org/W1991790289","https://openalex.org/W1993460291","https://openalex.org/W1993636358","https://openalex.org/W1993695912","https://openalex.org/W1995235918","https://openalex.org/W1996363362","https://openalex.org/W1997306610","https://openalex.org/W1997571096","https://openalex.org/W1997653179","https://openalex.org/W1999105544","https://openalex.org/W1999533858","https://openalex.org/W1999649023","https://openalex.org/W2000017160","https://openalex.org/W2001140673","https://openalex.org/W2006024263","https://openalex.org/W2006039305","https://openalex.org/W2008208049","https://openalex.org/W2009873906","https://openalex.org/W2009933916","https://openalex.org/W2012968282","https://openalex.org/W2016168362","https://openalex.org/W2018041991","https://openalex.org/W2020371080","https://openalex.org/W2021889186","https://openalex.org/W2022463532","https://openalex.org/W2027972351","https://openalex.org/W2029582084","https://openalex.org/W2029913097","https://openalex.org/W2030716052","https://openalex.org/W2031516836","https://openalex.org/W2032510555","https://openalex.org/W2034328924","https://openalex.org/W2034796025","https://openalex.org/W2035486634","https://openalex.org/W2036149274","https://openalex.org/W2037961182","https://openalex.org/W2038662051","https://openalex.org/W2040473432","https://openalex.org/W2041089301","https://openalex.org/W2041204043","https://openalex.org/W2042236540","https://openalex.org/W2042609262","https://openalex.org/W2047476068","https://openalex.org/W2047552796","https://openalex.org/W2049498367","https://openalex.org/W2050028148","https://openalex.org/W2051295428","https://openalex.org/W2051660166","https://openalex.org/W2052814156","https://openalex.org/W2056286381","https://openalex.org/W2059866988","https://openalex.org/W2061564019","https://openalex.org/W2062625129","https://openalex.org/W2062724361","https://openalex.org/W2065040310","https://openalex.org/W2067708941","https://openalex.org/W2069975329","https://openalex.org/W2071387787","https://openalex.org/W2071666535","https://openalex.org/W2072464125","https://openalex.org/W2072694955","https://openalex.org/W2073559863","https://openalex.org/W2075123202","https://openalex.org/W2075365232","https://openalex.org/W2076681684","https://openalex.org/W2077055915","https://openalex.org/W2077096714","https://openalex.org/W2078259925","https://openalex.org/W2079209740","https://openalex.org/W2079767701","https://openalex.org/W2079981579","https://openalex.org/W2081491621","https://openalex.org/W2085132432","https://openalex.org/W2089936576","https://openalex.org/W2091070260","https://openalex.org/W2091131456","https://openalex.org/W2092406824","https://openalex.org/W2092810504","https://openalex.org/W2094383137","https://openalex.org/W2096249788","https://openalex.org/W2097863588","https://openalex.org/W2099808856","https://openalex.org/W2101796136","https://openalex.org/W2105004554","https://openalex.org/W2105603156","https://openalex.org/W2107031757","https://openalex.org/W2108651441","https://openalex.org/W2110432844","https://openalex.org/W2111609317","https://openalex.org/W2112711159","https://openalex.org/W2113193688","https://openalex.org/W2117032801","https://openalex.org/W2122955616","https://openalex.org/W2126150794","https://openalex.org/W2128747453","https://openalex.org/W2129424725","https://openalex.org/W2133105829","https://openalex.org/W2133576756","https://openalex.org/W2134764390","https://openalex.org/W2136971664","https://openalex.org/W2138291225","https://openalex.org/W2138810057","https://openalex.org/W2139686072","https://openalex.org/W2140117140","https://openalex.org/W2140739239","https://openalex.org/W2141039734","https://openalex.org/W2144472019","https://openalex.org/W2144474703","https://openalex.org/W2153235646","https://openalex.org/W2159082096","https://openalex.org/W2161953846","https://openalex.org/W2164617975","https://openalex.org/W2166355336","https://openalex.org/W2166437312","https://openalex.org/W2166479018","https://openalex.org/W2167953188","https://openalex.org/W2168271527","https://openalex.org/W2168920974","https://openalex.org/W2187912653","https://openalex.org/W2213634084","https://openalex.org/W2286204802","https://openalex.org/W2314148759","https://openalex.org/W2317344738","https://openalex.org/W2318825096","https://openalex.org/W2327448374","https://openalex.org/W2331302176","https://openalex.org/W2499310897","https://openalex.org/W2626194883","https://openalex.org/W2893915635","https://openalex.org/W2941647715","https://openalex.org/W2944839481","https://openalex.org/W3125753688","https://openalex.org/W3215610158","https://openalex.org/W3216147807","https://openalex.org/W6724477466"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1990227676","https://openalex.org/W2015874047","https://openalex.org/W7169609652","https://openalex.org/W2511984592","https://openalex.org/W2765758790","https://openalex.org/W2857055703","https://openalex.org/W2964958559","https://openalex.org/W1988051272","https://openalex.org/W1997571096","https://openalex.org/W4416005465"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Purpose":[0],"\u2013":[1,48,61,84,153,185],"The":[2,33,62,85],"purpose":[3],"of":[4,13,71,80,90,99,108,127,170,176,178],"this":[5],"paper":[6],"is":[7,45,93],"to":[8,54,132,142],"provide":[9],"a":[10,56,76,97,156,167],"comprehensive":[11,168],"examination":[12],"different":[14],"leadership":[15,67,91,102,109,122,128,182,192],"constructs":[16,44,68,92,193],"investigated":[17],"extensively,":[18],"namely":[19],"transformational":[20],"and":[21,26,87,145,160,173,196],"transactional":[22],"leadership,":[23],"laissez-faire,":[24],"consideration,":[25],"initiating":[27],"structure,":[28],"as":[29,31,36,38,117,119],"well":[30,37,118],"leader-member-exchange.":[32],"theoretical":[34],"overlap":[35,190],"the":[39,100,140,149,163,171,179,189],"empirical":[40],"correlations":[41,51],"between":[42,121,191],"these":[43],"explored.":[46],"Design/methodology/approach":[47],"Overall,":[49],"735":[50],"were":[52,194],"analyzed":[53],"generate":[55],"meta-analytical":[57],"correlation":[58],"matrix.":[59],"Findings":[60],"meta-analyses":[63],"revealed":[64],"highly":[65],"interrelated":[66],"(0.26<\u2223\u03c1\u2223<0.74).":[69],"Results":[70],"confirmatory":[72],"factor":[73,78],"analyses":[74],"suggest":[75],"one":[77],"solution":[79],"leadership.":[81],"Research":[82],"limitations/implications":[83],"uniqueness":[86],"construct":[88],"validity":[89],"challenged,":[94],"calling":[95],"for":[96,115,148],"revision":[98],"respective":[101],"theories.":[103],"Ultimately,":[104],"an":[105],"integrative":[106],"theory":[107,126],"should":[110],"be":[111],"developed":[112],"which":[113],"accounts":[114],"similarities":[116],"differences":[120],"constructs.":[123,183],"An":[124],"integrated":[125],"would":[129],"help:":[130],"researchers":[131],"combine":[133],"their":[134],"forces":[135],"and,":[136],"consequently,":[137],"organizations":[138],"across":[139],"globe":[141],"better":[143],"select":[144],"develop":[146],"leaders":[147],"future.":[150],"Practical":[151],"implications":[152],"By":[154],"taking":[155],"critical,":[157],"cross-theoretical":[158],"compare":[159],"contrast":[161],"approach,":[162],"present":[164],"study":[165],"yielded":[166],"picture":[169],"interrelationship":[172],"partial":[174],"redundancy":[175],"several":[177],"currently":[180],"researched":[181],"Originality/value":[184],"New":[186],"insights":[187],"into":[188],"generated":[195],"confirmed":[197],"by":[198],"meta-analyses.":[199]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}