{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091307477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","title":"Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and confinement with an infrared-vanishing gluon propagator?","display_name":"Dynamical chiral symmetry breaking and confinement with an infrared-vanishing gluon propagator?","publication_year":1994,"publication_date":"1994-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091307477","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","mag":"2091307477","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10017473"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["arxiv","crossref","datacite","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/9309263","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049822639","display_name":"Frederick T. Hawes","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Frederick T. Hawes","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008862777","display_name":"Craig D. Roberts","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-1361","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2937-1361"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1282105669","display_name":"Argonne National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/05gvnxz63","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669","https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I39565521","https://openalex.org/I40347166"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Craig D. Roberts","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016","Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439-4843"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Physics Division, Argonne National Laboratory, Argonne, Illinois, 60439-4843","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1282105669"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089427143","display_name":"Anthony G. Williams","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-1592","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1472-1592"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103163165","display_name":"Florida State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05g3dte14","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I5681781","display_name":"The University of Adelaide","ror":"https://ror.org/00892tw58","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4405259444","https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}],"countries":["AU","US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony G. Williams","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016","Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and SCRI, Florida State University, Tallahassee, Florida 32306-3016","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103163165"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Physics and Mathematical Physics, University of Adelaide, Adelaide 5001, South Australia, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I5681781"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.9441,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":74,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9390411,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"49","issue":"9","first_page":"4683","last_page":"4693"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10224","display_name":"Quantum Chromodynamics and Particle Interactions","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10048","display_name":"Particle physics theoretical and experimental studies","score":0.0034000000450760126,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10527","display_name":"High-Energy Particle Collisions Research","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3106","display_name":"Nuclear and High Energy Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamical-chiral-symmetry-breaking","display_name":"dynamical chiral symmetry breaking","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/confinement","display_name":"confinement","score":0.6740000247955322},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dyson-schwinger-equations","display_name":"Dyson-Schwinger equations","score":0.8920000195503235},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quark-propagator","display_name":"quark propagator","score":0.9549999833106995},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quark-gluon-vertex","display_name":"quark-gluon vertex","score":0.9769999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chiral-condensate","display_name":"chiral condensate","score":0.8980000019073486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/critical-coupling","display_name":"critical coupling","score":0.38499999046325684},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-chromodynamics","display_name":"QCD","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104416048","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q302518","display_name":"Propagator","level":2,"score":0.9088386297225952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.8581383228302002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123579102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3299","display_name":"Gluon","level":3,"score":0.730136513710022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130979935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q568954","display_name":"Ansatz","level":2,"score":0.72409987449646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98795603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q505724","display_name":"Color confinement","level":3,"score":0.6623495817184448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52703039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5101837","display_name":"Chiral symmetry breaking","level":3,"score":0.5990845561027527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117137515","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q238170","display_name":"Quantum chromodynamics","level":2,"score":0.5723224878311157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7602139","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6718","display_name":"Quark","level":2,"score":0.5695669651031494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37914503","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q156495","display_name":"Mathematical physics","level":1,"score":0.5480012893676758},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204795200","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q903282","display_name":"Symmetry breaking","level":2,"score":0.4952646791934967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109214941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q18334","display_name":"Particle physics","level":1,"score":0.4950231909751892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19694890","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101667","display_name":"Hadron","level":2,"score":0.44252073764801025},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80899671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1304193","display_name":"Vertex (graph theory)","level":3,"score":0.4389430284500122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.06981971859931946},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132525143","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141488","display_name":"Graph","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1103/physrevd.49.4683","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210190737","display_name":"Physical review. D. Particles, fields, gravitation, and cosmology/Physical review. D. Particles and fields","issn_l":"0556-2821","issn":["0556-2821","1089-4918","1538-4500","1550-2368","1550-7998"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320261","host_organization_name":"American Physical Society","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320261"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["American Physical Society"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical Review D","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:10017473","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/10017473","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Physical review. D, Particles and fields","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9309263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9309263","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/9309263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:257665","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/257665","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:cds.cern.ch:690702","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://cds.cern.ch/record/690702","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402195","display_name":"CERN Document Server (European Organization for Nuclear Research)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I67311998","host_organization_name":"European Organization for Nuclear Research","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I67311998"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":null},{"id":"doi:10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9309263","doi":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9309263","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.48550/arxiv.hep-ph/9309263","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:arXiv.org:hep-ph/9309263","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://arxiv.org/abs/hep-ph/9309263","pdf_url":"https://arxiv.org/pdf/hep-ph/9309263","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400194","display_name":"arXiv (Cornell University)","issn_l":"2331-8422","issn":["2331-8422"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I205783295","host_organization_name":"Cornell University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205783295"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"sustainable_development_goals_aurora":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":61,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W168231375","https://openalex.org/W1497285868","https://openalex.org/W1561219705","https://openalex.org/W1606365743","https://openalex.org/W1888384910","https://openalex.org/W1967574684","https://openalex.org/W1970008743","https://openalex.org/W1970425877","https://openalex.org/W1974660899","https://openalex.org/W1977705618","https://openalex.org/W1995758984","https://openalex.org/W1998139127","https://openalex.org/W2001326280","https://openalex.org/W2011047422","https://openalex.org/W2012985385","https://openalex.org/W2013628561","https://openalex.org/W2015825469","https://openalex.org/W2019898147","https://openalex.org/W2020878299","https://openalex.org/W2022691027","https://openalex.org/W2024111142","https://openalex.org/W2041219522","https://openalex.org/W2041862035","https://openalex.org/W2045912595","https://openalex.org/W2049032175","https://openalex.org/W2049372404","https://openalex.org/W2051454722","https://openalex.org/W2057348184","https://openalex.org/W2058152002","https://openalex.org/W2058834119","https://openalex.org/W2060585699","https://openalex.org/W2061169760","https://openalex.org/W2061730436","https://openalex.org/W2063848994","https://openalex.org/W2074904689","https://openalex.org/W2077275195","https://openalex.org/W2082156490","https://openalex.org/W2083432278","https://openalex.org/W2084005116","https://openalex.org/W2084614132","https://openalex.org/W2085588654","https://openalex.org/W2086479750","https://openalex.org/W2087123186","https://openalex.org/W2089412367","https://openalex.org/W2090094086","https://openalex.org/W2090250991","https://openalex.org/W2092967533","https://openalex.org/W2093767811","https://openalex.org/W2117030465","https://openalex.org/W2130776923","https://openalex.org/W2137538548","https://openalex.org/W2154569780","https://openalex.org/W2157398164","https://openalex.org/W2162361390","https://openalex.org/W2169701253","https://openalex.org/W2172949211","https://openalex.org/W2225673659","https://openalex.org/W2331034993","https://openalex.org/W3023758144","https://openalex.org/W4249464755","https://openalex.org/W4323966409"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1668105795","https://openalex.org/W7095182075","https://openalex.org/W1680658081","https://openalex.org/W1986193037","https://openalex.org/W2091147846","https://openalex.org/W1982004001","https://openalex.org/W2046328769","https://openalex.org/W2179467975","https://openalex.org/W2015825469","https://openalex.org/W1980562874"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,73],"study":[1],"a":[2,55,77,111],"model":[3,63,93,112],"Dyson-Schwinger":[4],"equation":[5],"for":[6,14,25,71,83,104],"the":[7,15,19,26,29,34,43,62,88,92,105,118],"quark":[8,44,89],"propagator":[9,17,90,107],"closed":[10],"using":[11],"an":[12,47],"Ansatz":[13,103],"gluon":[16,106],"of":[18,58,86,121],"form":[20,32,36],"D(q)\\ensuremath{\\sim}${\\mathit{q}}^{2}$/[(${\\mathit{q}}^{2}$${)}^{2}$+${\\mathit{b}}^{4}$]":[21],"and":[22,33,40,75],"two":[23],"Ansa$uml---tze":[24],"quark-gluon":[27],"vertex:":[28],"minimal":[30],"Ball-Chiu":[31],"modified":[35],"suggested":[37],"by":[38],"Curtis":[39],"Pennington.":[41],"Using":[42],"condensate":[45],"as":[46,110],"order":[48],"parameter,":[49],"we":[50],"find":[51],"that":[52,61,101],"there":[53],"is":[54,94,108],"critical":[56],"value":[57],"b=${\\mathit{b}}_{\\mathit{c}}$":[59],"such":[60],"does":[64,115],"not":[65,95,116],"support":[66],"dynamical":[67],"chiral":[68],"symmetry":[69],"breaking":[70],"b>${\\mathit{b}}_{\\mathit{c}}$.":[72],"discuss":[74],"apply":[76],"confinement":[78],"test":[79],"which":[80],"suggests":[81],"that,":[82],"all":[84],"values":[85],"b,":[87],"in":[91],"confining.":[96],"Together":[97],"these":[98],"results":[99],"suggest":[100],"this":[102],"inadequate":[109],"since":[113],"it":[114],"yield":[117],"expected":[119],"behavior":[120],"QCD.":[122]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}