{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091304570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","title":"Intellectual Differences of Adult Men Related to Age and Physical Fitness Before and After an Exercise Program","display_name":"Intellectual Differences of Adult Men Related to Age and Physical Fitness Before and After an Exercise Program","publication_year":1980,"publication_date":"1980-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091304570","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","mag":"2091304570","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7410790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735781901","display_name":"Journal of Gerontology","issn_l":"0022-1422","issn":["0022-1422","2331-3323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"M. Elsayed","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185163786","display_name":"King Abdulaziz University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ma4wv74","country_code":"SA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}],"countries":["SA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M. Elsayed","raw_affiliation_strings":["King Abdulaziz Univ. Mecca, Saudi Arabia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King Abdulaziz Univ. Mecca, Saudi Arabia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185163786"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5108574820","display_name":"A. H. Ismail","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8626-1969","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0005-8626-1969"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I219193219","display_name":"Purdue University West Lafayette","ror":"https://ror.org/02dqehb95","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A. H. Ismail","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Physical Education, Health & Recreation Studies, Purdue Univ., West LafayetteIN 47907"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Physical Education, Health & Recreation Studies, Purdue Univ., West LafayetteIN 47907","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I219193219"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"R. J. Young","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. J. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Jthe Kentland Institute of Preventive Medicine Kentland IN 47951. Requests for reprints should be sent to the third author"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Jthe Kentland Institute of Preventive Medicine Kentland IN 47951. Requests for reprints should be sent to the third author","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6517,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":91,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9218578,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"35","issue":"3","first_page":"383","last_page":"387"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.8349999785423279,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11265","display_name":"Aging and Gerontology Research","score":0.09000000357627869,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3206","display_name":"Neuropsychology and Physiological Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.06360000371932983,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2737","display_name":"Physiology (medical)"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fluid-intelligence","display_name":"fluid intelligence","score":0.9010000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/crystallized-intelligence","display_name":"crystallized intelligence","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-fitness","display_name":"physical fitness","score":0.9869999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-program","display_name":"exercise program","score":0.7889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age-differences","display_name":"age differences","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-aging","display_name":"cognitive aging","score":0.6520000100135803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adult-men","display_name":"adult male","score":0.6269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-function","display_name":"cognitive function","score":0.46799999475479126}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207054656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434146","display_name":"Fluid and crystallized intelligence","level":5,"score":0.9036085605621338},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2992622412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1434146","display_name":"Fluid intelligence","level":4,"score":0.7122954726219177},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171687745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309252","display_name":"Physical fitness","level":2,"score":0.6576629281044006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166047926","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170277","display_name":"Intelligence quotient","level":3,"score":0.637924075126648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6132908463478088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5386078357696533},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169900460","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2200417","display_name":"Cognition","level":2,"score":0.48771604895591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2994439179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q353284","display_name":"Intellectual ability","level":3,"score":0.45269590616226196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74909509","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10387","display_name":"Gerontology","level":1,"score":0.3912673890590668},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.3805341124534607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.34356364607810974},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.30380845069885254},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.2541691064834595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.10473492741584778},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21963081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11337567","display_name":"Working memory","level":3,"score":0.06641998887062073},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000368","descriptor_name":"Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000375","descriptor_name":"Aging","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003071","descriptor_name":"Cognition","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005082","descriptor_name":"Physical Exertion","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D007360","descriptor_name":"Intelligence","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D007361","descriptor_name":"Intelligence Tests","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008875","descriptor_name":"Middle Aged","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D010809","descriptor_name":"Physical Fitness","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1093/geronj/35.3.383","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2735781901","display_name":"Journal of Gerontology","issn_l":"0022-1422","issn":["0022-1422","2331-3323"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311648","host_organization_name":"Oxford University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311648","https://openalex.org/P4310311647"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Oxford University Press","University of Oxford"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Gerontology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:7410790","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/7410790","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of gerontology","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being","score":0.6240000128746033}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1509689956","https://openalex.org/W2488116908","https://openalex.org/W2021503812","https://openalex.org/W4390078531","https://openalex.org/W2081778785","https://openalex.org/W4280625104","https://openalex.org/W2060296912","https://openalex.org/W1994945914","https://openalex.org/W4385406189","https://openalex.org/W2402693873"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Fluid":[0],"and":[1,12,19,80],"crystalized":[2],"intelligence":[3,30,58],"differences":[4,68,89],"among":[5],"high-fit,":[6,8],"young;":[7],"old;":[9],"low-fit,":[10,13],"young,":[11],"old":[14,43],"groups":[15,47],"were":[16,69],"investigated":[17],"before":[18],"after":[20],"an":[21],"exercise":[22],"program.":[23],"The":[24,45],"high-fit":[25],"group":[26,38],"had":[27],"higher":[28,40,49],"fluid":[29,57],"than":[31,41],"the":[32,36,42,51,56,61],"low-fit":[33],"group.":[34,44],"Likewise,":[35],"young":[37],"scored":[39,48],"four":[46],"at":[50],"posttest":[52],"on":[53,71],"two":[54],"of":[55,60],"subtests":[59],"Cattell":[62],"Culture.":[63],"Fair":[64],"Intelligence":[65],"Test.":[66],"No":[67],"observed":[70],"crystallized":[72],"intelligence.":[73],"It":[74],"is":[75],"uncertain":[76],"how":[77],"biological":[78],"factors":[79],"psychological":[81],"changes,":[82],"either":[83],"individually":[84],"or":[85],"in":[86,90],"combination,":[87],"produce":[88],"cognitive":[91],"functioning":[92],"due":[93],"to":[94],"physical":[95],"fitness.":[96]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
