{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2091126985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","title":"Major Changes in Medical Careers Following Medical School Graduation: When, How Often, and Why","display_name":"Major Changes in Medical Careers Following Medical School Graduation: When, How Often, and Why","publication_year":1990,"publication_date":"1990-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2091126985","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","mag":"2091126985","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2294926"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19793444","display_name":"Academic Medicine","issn_l":"1040-2446","issn":["1040-2446","1938-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109944593","display_name":"Penny Jennett","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"PENNY A JENNETT","raw_affiliation_strings":["all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005245857","display_name":"MICHAEL KISHINEVSKY","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"MICHAEL KISHINEVSKY","raw_affiliation_strings":["all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113370306","display_name":"Heather Bryant","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3086-6266","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-3086-6266"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"HEATHER BRYANT","raw_affiliation_strings":["all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063660220","display_name":"Kay Hunter","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I168635309","display_name":"University of Calgary","ror":"https://ror.org/03yjb2x39","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"KAY L HUNTER","raw_affiliation_strings":["all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","Canada"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"all at the Faculty of Medicine, University of Calgary, Alberta, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Canada","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I168635309"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.0462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":17,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.88530604,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"65","issue":"1","first_page":"48","last_page":"49"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9961000084877014,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11990","display_name":"Global Health Workforce Issues","score":0.0019000000320374966,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3604","display_name":"Emergency Medical Services"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10254","display_name":"Innovations in Medical Education","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-career-choice","display_name":"physician career choice","score":0.5009999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-graduates","display_name":"medical graduates","score":0.8029999732971191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/residency-training","display_name":"residency training","score":0.5139999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medical-specialists","display_name":"specialist physicians","score":0.5730000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/general-practitioners","display_name":"general practitioners","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-dissatisfaction","display_name":"physician dissatisfaction","score":0.781000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lifestyle-compatibility","display_name":"lifestyle compatibility","score":0.9160000085830688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physician-workforce","display_name":"physician workforce","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779529714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2632744","display_name":"Graduation (instrument)","level":2,"score":0.770535945892334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993838110","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q494230","display_name":"Medical school","level":2,"score":0.7373923659324646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C509550671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126945","display_name":"Medical education","level":1,"score":0.5381928086280823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C72563966","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1303415","display_name":"Cohort","level":2,"score":0.5183945298194885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993312423","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medical practice","level":2,"score":0.4875342547893524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C512399662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3505712","display_name":"Family medicine","level":1,"score":0.4866538643836975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.4862741231918335},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3019285220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256698","display_name":"Residency training","level":3,"score":0.4614352881908417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37143561244010925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988064887","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q828748","display_name":"Continuing education","level":2,"score":0.07673150300979614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126322002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11180","display_name":"Internal medicine","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D002170","descriptor_name":"Canada","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002321","descriptor_name":"Career Choice","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002322","descriptor_name":"Career Mobility","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010820","descriptor_name":"Physicians","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1097/00001888-199001000-00020","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S19793444","display_name":"Academic Medicine","issn_l":"1040-2446","issn":["1040-2446","1938-808X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-a","doyens","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","medline","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310315671","host_organization_name":"Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310315671","https://openalex.org/P4310318547"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Lippincott Williams & Wilkins","Wolters Kluwer"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic Medicine","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:2294926","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/2294926","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Academic medicine : journal of the Association of American Medical Colleges","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5683000087738037,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2046309210","https://openalex.org/W2101875754","https://openalex.org/W4220690007","https://openalex.org/W2065280041","https://openalex.org/W4229884329","https://openalex.org/W1987048176","https://openalex.org/W2122420284","https://openalex.org/W2546993415","https://openalex.org/W2399099663","https://openalex.org/W2081936805"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Knowledge":[0],"of":[1,9,13,28,36,77],"the":[2,29,46,74],"timing":[3],"of,":[4],"reasons":[5],"for,":[6],"and":[7,83,97,99,110],"frequency":[8],"major":[10,54,67],"medical-career":[11,30],"changes":[12,31,72,113],"medical":[14,38,55],"school":[15,39],"graduates":[16,40],"is":[17,118],"useful":[18],"in":[19,81],"considering":[20],"physician":[21],"manpower":[22],"needs.":[23],"This":[24,103],"study":[25,104],"reports":[26],"aspects":[27],"made":[32,66,71],"by":[33],"a":[34],"cohort":[35],"Alberta":[37],"who":[41,49],"graduated":[42],"from":[43],"1973-1985.":[44],"Of":[45],"603":[47],"(81%)":[48],"participated,":[50],"160":[51],"(27%)":[52],"reported":[53],"career":[56,122],"changes.":[57,68],"Significantly":[58],"more":[59],"specialists":[60],"(35%)":[61],"than":[62],"family":[63],"physicians":[64],"(18%)":[65],"Forty-two":[69],"percent":[70],"during":[73,114],"first":[75],"year":[76],"residency,":[78,82,115],"21%":[79],"later":[80],"29%":[84],"after":[85],"entering":[86],"practice.":[87],"Reasons":[88],"cited":[89],"included":[90],"general":[91],"dissatisfaction":[92],"(47%),":[93],"lifestyle":[94],"compatibility":[95],"(24%),":[96],"training":[98],"practice":[100,116],"experiences":[101],"(19%).":[102],"indicates":[105],"that":[106],"while":[107],"personal":[108],"needs":[109],"preferences":[111],"influence":[112],"experience":[117],"also":[119],"important":[120],"to":[121],"choices.":[123]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}