{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090857744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","title":"Assessment of random and systematic errors in microwave and submillimetre dielectric measurements","display_name":"Assessment of random and systematic errors in microwave and submillimetre dielectric measurements","publication_year":1977,"publication_date":"1977-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090857744","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","mag":"2090857744"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1049/piee.1977.0121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235475","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers","issn_l":"0020-3270","issn":["0020-3270","2053-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800662","host_organization_name":"Institution of Electrical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Electrical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101825678","display_name":"Mohammed Nurul Afsar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-369X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2527-369X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.N. Afsar","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042779926","display_name":"John Martyn Chamberlain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-6561","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6067-6561"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Chamberlain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463","https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043277062","display_name":"G.W. Chantry","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I134421475","display_name":"National Physical Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/015w2mp89","country_code":"GB","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G.W. Chantry","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Physical Laboratory, Teddington, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I134421475"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088735277","display_name":"Robert Finsy","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Finsy","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463","https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110109600","display_name":"R. Van Loon","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7324-8088","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0001-7324-8088"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I132053463","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Libre de Bruxelles","ror":"https://ror.org/01r9htc13","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I13469542","display_name":"Vrije Universiteit Brussel","ror":"https://ror.org/006e5kg04","country_code":"BE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I13469542"]}],"countries":["BE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. van Loon","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Free University of Brussels, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463","https://openalex.org/I13469542"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Free University of Brussels, Faculty of Science, Brussels, Belgium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I132053463"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6692,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.89758343,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"124","issue":"6","first_page":"575","last_page":"575"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11607","display_name":"Microwave and Dielectric Measurement Techniques","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14311","display_name":"Electrical and Electromagnetic Research","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10962","display_name":"Thermodynamic properties of mixtures","score":0.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1507","display_name":"Fluid Flow and Transfer Processes"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/15","display_name":"Chemical Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/systematic-errors","display_name":"systematic errors","score":0.7229999899864197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-error","display_name":"random error","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microwave-dielectric-measurement","display_name":"microwave dielectric measurement","score":0.7179999947547913},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chlorobenzene","display_name":"chlorobenzene","score":0.800000011920929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric-constant","display_name":"dielectric constant","score":0.656000018119812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loss-tangent","display_name":"loss tangent","score":0.7990000247955322}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C100253034","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Systematic error","level":2,"score":0.7964993715286255},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73782692","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q196372","display_name":"Random error","level":2,"score":0.7358087301254272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204323151","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q905424","display_name":"Range (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.696350634098053},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.5417883992195129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55769033","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049018","display_name":"Non-sampling error","level":2,"score":0.5108551383018494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776041390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407768","display_name":"Chlorobenzene","level":3,"score":0.4981563091278076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44838205","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q127995","display_name":"Microwave","level":2,"score":0.4844098687171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44047868251800537},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30475298","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q909554","display_name":"Computational physics","level":1,"score":0.41198158264160156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.40737393498420715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.3858107328414917},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121864883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q677916","display_name":"Statistical physics","level":1,"score":0.37725406885147095},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.28300940990448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.16386917233467102},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08213162422180176},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.077628493309021},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C161790260","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q82264","display_name":"Catalysis","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1049/piee.1977.0121","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1049/piee.1977.0121","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4210235475","display_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers","issn_l":"0020-3270","issn":["0020-3270","2053-7891"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4320800662","host_organization_name":"Institution of Electrical Engineers","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4320800662"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Institution of Electrical Engineers"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the Institution of Electrical Engineers","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W399126203","https://openalex.org/W1964037358","https://openalex.org/W1964962230","https://openalex.org/W1980811342","https://openalex.org/W1988583938","https://openalex.org/W1989536534","https://openalex.org/W1994637448","https://openalex.org/W2000741312","https://openalex.org/W2003933852","https://openalex.org/W2026121378","https://openalex.org/W2040995101","https://openalex.org/W2067286857","https://openalex.org/W2073638855","https://openalex.org/W2074146283","https://openalex.org/W2089642671","https://openalex.org/W2155796936","https://openalex.org/W6610533933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2071117689","https://openalex.org/W2147750561","https://openalex.org/W2112922288","https://openalex.org/W2105446777","https://openalex.org/W2990916975","https://openalex.org/W2024473825","https://openalex.org/W1992727188","https://openalex.org/W2089642671","https://openalex.org/W2115837557","https://openalex.org/W2551125878"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"By":[0,116],"considering":[1],"the":[2,11,19,29,75,95,113],"variation":[3],"between":[4,10,18],"runs":[5],"comprising":[6],"a":[7,55,64,120],"given":[8],"experiment,":[9],"average":[12,83],"results":[13,21,72],"of":[14,22,28,85],"independent":[15],"experiments":[16],"and":[17,31,58,89,107,137],"extrapolated":[20],"different":[23],"experimental":[24],"methods,":[25],"some":[26],"assessment":[27],"systematic":[30,96],"random":[32,76],"errors":[33,77,97,132],"to":[34],"be":[35],"expected":[36],"in":[37,112],"high-frequency":[38],"dielectric":[39],"measurements":[40],"is":[41,46],"obtained.":[42],"The":[43],"liquid":[44],"investigated":[45,62],"chlorobenzene":[47],"as":[48,100,102],"this":[49],"has":[50,59],"good":[51],"chemical":[52],"properties,":[53],"possesses":[54],"rigid":[56],"molecule":[57],"been":[60],"extensively":[61],"over":[63,119],"wide":[65,121],"frequency":[66,79,122],"range":[67,123],"by":[68],"other":[69],"workers.":[70],"Our":[71],"show":[73],"that":[74,94],"are":[78,133],"dependent":[80],"but":[81,93],"have":[82],"values":[84],"\u00b11.5%":[86],"for":[87,91,105,110,135,139],"\u03b1":[88,106,136],"\u00b10.1%":[90],"n":[92,111],"may":[98,125],"reach":[99],"much":[101],"\u00b1":[103,108],"3%":[104],"0.6%":[109],"difficult":[114],"regions.":[115],"combining":[117],"data":[118],"one":[124],"arrive":[126],"at":[127],"continuous":[128],"curves":[129],"whose":[130],"estimated":[131],"\u00b11%":[134],"\u00b10.2%":[138],"n.":[140]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-10-30T12:39:25.321706","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}