{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090820269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","title":"Expectancy and Individual Differences in Experimenter Bias","display_name":"Expectancy and Individual Differences in Experimenter Bias","publication_year":1971,"publication_date":"1971-04-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090820269","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","mag":"2090820269","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28142568"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108318183","display_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1309","issn":["0022-1309","1940-0888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110148253","display_name":"Richard R. Bootzin","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111979921","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/000e0be47","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111979921"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100400","display_name":"Northwestern University","ror":"https://ror.org/00m6w7z96","country_code":"PH","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}],"countries":["PH","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Richard R. Bootzin","raw_affiliation_strings":["a Department of Psychology , Northwestern University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"a Department of Psychology , Northwestern University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210100400"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5110148253"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111979921","https://openalex.org/I4210100400"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.37341772,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":93},"biblio":{"volume":"84","issue":"2","first_page":"303","last_page":"312"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13309","display_name":"Reliability and Agreement in Measurement","score":0.10939999669790268,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13284","display_name":"Psychology Research and Bibliometrics","score":0.09910000115633011,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10467","display_name":"Psychometric Methodologies and Testing","score":0.07069999724626541,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/researcher-bias","display_name":"researcher bias","score":0.8820000290870667},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-effects","display_name":"expectancy effects","score":0.8759999871253967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/individual-differences","display_name":"individual differences","score":0.9449999928474426},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/observer-expectations","display_name":"observer expectations","score":0.3569999933242798}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.8457965850830078},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6940499544143677},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.48288750648498535},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.33751481771469116}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1080/00221309.1971.9711316","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S108318183","display_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","issn_l":"0022-1309","issn":["0022-1309","1940-0888"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-c","erih-plus","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320547","host_organization_name":"Taylor & Francis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320547","https://openalex.org/P4310320449"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Taylor & Francis","Informa"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of General Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:28142568","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28142568","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"The Journal of general psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1996443718","https://openalex.org/W2009957037","https://openalex.org/W2024509488","https://openalex.org/W2035863871","https://openalex.org/W2038733313","https://openalex.org/W2045143482","https://openalex.org/W2100826189","https://openalex.org/W2128508267","https://openalex.org/W2244616636","https://openalex.org/W2413408667","https://openalex.org/W4255142862","https://openalex.org/W4300699160"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2114639150","https://openalex.org/W2056312023","https://openalex.org/W2049214717","https://openalex.org/W2064705500","https://openalex.org/W7112056579","https://openalex.org/W2036800784","https://openalex.org/W2153582139","https://openalex.org/W2598332589","https://openalex.org/W2125232248","https://openalex.org/W1975726663"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
