{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090697598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","title":"Playing off the curve - testing quantitative predictions of skill acquisition theories in development of chess performance","display_name":"Playing off the curve - testing quantitative predictions of skill acquisition theories in development of chess performance","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090697598","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","mag":"2090697598","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25202292","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4141457"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923/pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103099511","display_name":"Robert Gaschler","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-935X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5154-935X","https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8576-5330"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2802076133","display_name":"University of Koblenz and Landau","ror":"https://ror.org/01j9f6752","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Gaschler","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universit\u00e4t Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany and Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory Image, Knowledge, Gestaltung at Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universit\u00e4t Koblenz-Landau, Landau, Germany and Interdisciplinary Research Laboratory Image, Knowledge, Gestaltung at Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081324292","display_name":"Johanna Progscha","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","display_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","ror":"https://ror.org/01hcx6992","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Johanna Progscha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Humboldt Universitat Berlin, Berlin, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084775701","display_name":"Kieran Smallbone A B","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-7045","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2815-7045"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I28407311","display_name":"University of Manchester","ror":"https://ror.org/027m9bs27","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kieran Smallbone","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science, University of Manchester Manchester, UK","Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science, University of Manchester Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sch. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Manchester, Manchester, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I28407311"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058957631","display_name":"Nil\u00e1m Ram","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-5257","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1671-5257"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130769515","display_name":"Pennsylvania State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04p491231","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nilam Ram","raw_affiliation_strings":["College of Health and Human Development, Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"College of Health and Human Development, Human Development and Family Studies, Pennsylvania State University University Park, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130769515"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008325775","display_name":"Merim Bilali\u0107","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-6734","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9523-6734"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210166741","display_name":"University of Klagenfurt","ror":"https://ror.org/05q9m0937","country_code":"AT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}],"countries":["AT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Merim Bilali\u00c4\u2021","raw_affiliation_strings":["Alpen-Adria-Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt, Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeine Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung Klagenfurt, Austria"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Alpen-Adria-Universit\u00e4t Klagenfurt, Institut f\u00fcr Psychologie, Abteilung f\u00fcr Allgemeine Psychologie und Kognitionsforschung Klagenfurt, Austria","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210166741"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":4,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103099511"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2802076133","https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"apc_list":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"apc_paid":{"value":3150,"currency":"CHF","value_usd":3801},"fwci":8.5309,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.96751477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":null,"first_page":"923","last_page":"923"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.9955999851226807,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11574","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence in Games","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11577","display_name":"Cognitive Abilities and Testing","score":0.0003000000142492354,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3205","display_name":"Experimental and Cognitive Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-performance","display_name":"chess performance","score":0.6959999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/skill-acquisition","display_name":"skill acquisition","score":0.7919999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/learning-curve","display_name":"learning curve","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expertise-development","display_name":"expertise development","score":0.7279999852180481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tournament-performance","display_name":"tournament performance","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/developmental-trajectories","display_name":"developmental trajectories","score":0.4390000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chess-players","display_name":"chess players","score":0.4050000011920929}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34585555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1368723","display_name":"Learning curve","level":2,"score":0.8036628365516663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132758656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5307365","display_name":"Dreyfus model of skill acquisition","level":2,"score":0.7953976392745972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6596411466598511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.5197800993919373},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.49955129623413086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778755073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10858537","display_name":"Scale (ratio)","level":2,"score":0.49562370777130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169976356","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13208902","display_name":"Motor skill","level":2,"score":0.4463844299316406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777267654","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3519023","display_name":"Test (biology)","level":2,"score":0.42020875215530396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.252407431602478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.1745891273021698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50522688","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189833","display_name":"Economic growth","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":8,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:europepmc.org:3126559","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4141457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400806","display_name":"Europe PMC (PubMed Central)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1303153112","host_organization_name":"European Bioinformatics Institute","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303153112"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:4141457","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/4141457","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Front Psychol","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:25202292","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/25202292","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in psychology","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.maths.manchester.ac.uk.MIMS.EPrints:2343","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://eprints.maths.manchester.ac.uk/2343/1/fpsyg-05-00923.pdf","pdf_url":"http://eprints.maths.manchester.ac.uk/2343/1/fpsyg-05-00923.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400452","display_name":"MIMS EPrints (University of Southampton)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I43439940","host_organization_name":"University of Southampton","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I43439940"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:c792d70e58ed4bee8b96e9b6fa6f8d07","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/c792d70e58ed4bee8b96e9b6fa6f8d07","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology, Vol 5 (2014)","raw_type":"article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:edoc.hu-berlin.de:18452/21902","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://edoc.hu-berlin.de/18452/21902","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"},{"id":"doi:10.18452/21170","doi":"https://doi.org/10.18452/21170","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.18452/21170","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400923","display_name":"edoc Publication server (Humboldt University of Berlin)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39343248","host_organization_name":"Humboldt-Universit\u00e4t zu Berlin","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39343248"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923","pdf_url":"https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2014.00923/pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S9692511","display_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","issn_l":"1664-1078","issn":["1664-1078"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","doaj","erih-plus","jufo-1","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320527","host_organization_name":"Frontiers Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320527"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Frontiers Media"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Frontiers in Psychology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2090697598.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2090697598.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":62,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1492518088","https://openalex.org/W1597864774","https://openalex.org/W1723933296","https://openalex.org/W1735053609","https://openalex.org/W1964154547","https://openalex.org/W1967329472","https://openalex.org/W1974001931","https://openalex.org/W1997786851","https://openalex.org/W1999427504","https://openalex.org/W2004488134","https://openalex.org/W2005237197","https://openalex.org/W2012503017","https://openalex.org/W2018071042","https://openalex.org/W2018631692","https://openalex.org/W2021463344","https://openalex.org/W2023688103","https://openalex.org/W2033301938","https://openalex.org/W2044754442","https://openalex.org/W2045592365","https://openalex.org/W2052324069","https://openalex.org/W2052397366","https://openalex.org/W2054895868","https://openalex.org/W2056425691","https://openalex.org/W2066088144","https://openalex.org/W2067050796","https://openalex.org/W2069393285","https://openalex.org/W2073371272","https://openalex.org/W2074150573","https://openalex.org/W2078941260","https://openalex.org/W2091026426","https://openalex.org/W2091785129","https://openalex.org/W2097284564","https://openalex.org/W2101609260","https://openalex.org/W2102495692","https://openalex.org/W2103128096","https://openalex.org/W2105539942","https://openalex.org/W2105911655","https://openalex.org/W2108606031","https://openalex.org/W2117628061","https://openalex.org/W2120659705","https://openalex.org/W2122584267","https://openalex.org/W2126126893","https://openalex.org/W2126539575","https://openalex.org/W2134176620","https://openalex.org/W2134432271","https://openalex.org/W2137247190","https://openalex.org/W2138740380","https://openalex.org/W2139357690","https://openalex.org/W2152250428","https://openalex.org/W2153989151","https://openalex.org/W2156523753","https://openalex.org/W2165160383","https://openalex.org/W2169505082","https://openalex.org/W2171389121","https://openalex.org/W2171943459","https://openalex.org/W2335355699","https://openalex.org/W2497136905","https://openalex.org/W2786157445","https://openalex.org/W3203032811","https://openalex.org/W4244076298","https://openalex.org/W4256692276","https://openalex.org/W6629866860"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099399685","https://openalex.org/W2054895868","https://openalex.org/W3043688648","https://openalex.org/W2886288233","https://openalex.org/W4407114284","https://openalex.org/W4207066589","https://openalex.org/W4392346390","https://openalex.org/W4388561183","https://openalex.org/W2478592749","https://openalex.org/W2044313844"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Learning":[0],"curves":[1,145],"have":[2],"been":[3],"proposed":[4],"as":[5],"an":[6],"adequate":[7],"description":[8],"of":[9,35,48,78,127,146,150,159,162,186,196,213],"learning":[10,36,79,111,137,144,224],"processes,":[11],"no":[12,200],"matter":[13],"whether":[14],"the":[15,33,39,44,68,72,76,82,97,103,140,143,157,203,220],"processes":[16,225],"manifest":[17],"within":[18],"minutes":[19],"or":[20],"across":[21],"years.":[22,65],"Different":[23],"mechanisms":[24],"underlying":[25],"skill":[26,83,104,163,167],"acquisition":[27,84,105,164,168],"can":[28],"lead":[29],"to":[30,74,189,219,232],"differences":[31],"in":[32,117,174,180,202],"shape":[34],"curves.":[37],"In":[38],"current":[40,216],"study,":[41],"we":[42,100],"analyze":[43,67],"tournament":[45],"performance":[46,69,121,129,172],"data":[47],"1383":[49],"chess":[50,128],"players":[51,151,187],"who":[52],"begin":[53,188],"competing":[54],"at":[55,62],"young":[56],"age":[57],"and":[58,81,92,123,177],"play":[59],"tournaments":[60],"for":[61,90,210],"least":[63],"10":[64],"We":[66],"development":[70],"with":[71,193],"goal":[73],"test":[75],"adequacy":[77],"curves,":[80],"theories":[85,106,132,169],"they":[86],"are":[87],"based":[88],"on,":[89],"describing":[91,119],"predicting":[93,124],"expertise":[94],"acquisition.":[95],"On":[96,139],"one":[98],"hand,":[99,142],"show":[101,152,190],"that":[102],"implying":[107,133],"a":[108,114,134,147,183,194,227],"negative":[109],"exponential":[110],"curve":[112],"do":[113],"better":[115],"job":[116],"both":[118],"early":[120,175],"gains":[122,173,179],"later":[125,181],"trajectories":[126],"than":[130],"those":[131],"power":[135],"function":[136],"curve.":[138],"other":[141],"large":[148],"proportion":[149],"systematic":[153],"qualitative":[154],"deviations":[155,206],"from":[156],"predictions":[158],"either":[160],"type":[161],"theory.":[165],"While":[166],"predict":[170],"larger":[171],"years":[176,198],"smaller":[178],"years,":[182],"substantial":[184,191],"number":[185],"improvements":[192],"delay":[195],"several":[197],"(and":[199],"improvement":[201],"first":[204],"years),":[205],"not":[207],"fully":[208],"accounted":[209],"by":[211],"quantity":[212],"practice.":[214],"The":[215],"work":[217],"adds":[218],"debate":[221],"on":[222,226],"how":[223],"small":[228],"time":[229],"scale":[230],"combine":[231],"large-scale":[233],"changes.":[234]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-01T11:40:01.658920","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
