{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090573591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","title":"The Human Microbiome and Infectious Diseases: Beyond Koch","display_name":"The Human Microbiome and Infectious Diseases: Beyond Koch","publication_year":2008,"publication_date":"2008-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090573591","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","mag":"2090573591","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19343181","pmcid":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2662322"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2008/296873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2008/296873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85076888","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1687-708X","issn":["1687-708X","1687-7098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","doaj","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"gold","oa_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2008/296873.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049294221","display_name":"Vincent Bensan Young","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-2364","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3687-2364"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I27837315","display_name":"University of Michigan","ror":"https://ror.org/00jmfr291","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Vincent B. Young","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA","Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Division of Infectious Disease, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, MI 48109, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008675166","display_name":"Robert A. Britton","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-9539","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8983-9539"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Robert A. Britton","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI 48824-4320, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI 48824-4320, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037972215","display_name":"Thomas Mitchell Schmidt","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6055","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8209-6055"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87216513","display_name":"Michigan State University","ror":"https://ror.org/05hs6h993","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas M. Schmidt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI 48824-4320, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microbiology and Molecular Genetics, Michigan State University, MI 48824-4320, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87216513"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5049294221"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I27837315"],"apc_list":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"apc_paid":{"value":860,"currency":"USD","value_usd":860},"fwci":0.1266,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":15,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48754588,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":"2008","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10066","display_name":"Gut microbiota and health","score":0.9980000257492065,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10257","display_name":"Oral microbiology and periodontitis research","score":0.00039999998989515007,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3506","display_name":"Periodontics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/35","display_name":"Dentistry"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11791","display_name":"Microbial Community Ecology and Physiology","score":0.00019999999494757503,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2303","display_name":"Ecology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-microbiome","display_name":"human microbiome","score":0.9879999756813049},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/complex-microbial-communities","display_name":"complex microbial communities","score":0.7350000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/koch-s-postulates","display_name":"Koch's postulates","score":0.6610000133514404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-microbiome-project","display_name":"Human Microbiome Project","score":0.8730000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/antibiotic-associated-diarrhea","display_name":"antibiotic-associated diarrhea","score":0.7559999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/clostridium-difficile-infection","display_name":"Clostridium difficile infection","score":0.9909999966621399},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bacterial-vaginosis","display_name":"bacterial vaginosis","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/probiotics","display_name":"probiotics","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gut-microbiota","display_name":"gut microbiota","score":0.6980000138282776},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/microbial-ecology","display_name":"microbial ecology","score":0.4180000126361847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dysbiosis","display_name":"dysbiosis","score":0.5609999895095825}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C143121216","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1330402","display_name":"Microbiome","level":2,"score":0.7272477149963379},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91478284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6623796","display_name":"Human microbiome","level":3,"score":0.671764612197876},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C190944805","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3922751","display_name":"Human Microbiome Project","level":4,"score":0.6282094120979309},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90734943","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17008777","display_name":"Conceptualization","level":2,"score":0.6223956942558289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55958113","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q169480","display_name":"Indigenous","level":2,"score":0.5142597556114197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987857752","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12147","display_name":"Human health","level":2,"score":0.49601396918296814},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777289909","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25345055","display_name":"Holobiont","level":4,"score":0.46672478318214417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95124753","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q875686","display_name":"Environmental ethics","level":1,"score":0.4101811945438385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.382615327835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55587333","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1133029","display_name":"Engineering ethics","level":1,"score":0.3701655864715576},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3286060094833374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.28370484709739685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60644358","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q128570","display_name":"Bioinformatics","level":1,"score":0.18000555038452148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14270144701004028},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.117757648229599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10617315769195557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99454951","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q932068","display_name":"Environmental health","level":1,"score":0.10586366057395935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43144210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121610","display_name":"Symbiosis","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C523546767","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10876","display_name":"Bacteria","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1155/2008/296873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2008/296873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85076888","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1687-708X","issn":["1687-708X","1687-7098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pubmedcentral.nih.gov:2662322","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/2662322","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S2764455111","display_name":"PubMed Central","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmid:19343181","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/19343181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary perspectives on infectious diseases","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:doaj.org/article:7dc4908e929f4e8fafeb0b8d7dcacbbc","doi":null,"is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doaj.org/article/7dc4908e929f4e8fafeb0b8d7dcacbbc","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401280","display_name":"DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by-sa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-sa","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases, Vol 2008 (2008)","raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1155/2008/296873","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1155/2008/296873","pdf_url":"https://downloads.hindawi.com/journals/ipid/2008/296873.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S85076888","display_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","issn_l":"1687-708X","issn":["1687-708X","1687-7098"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":true,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","doaj","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-2"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319869","host_organization_name":"Hindawi Publishing Corporation","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319869","https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Hindawi Publishing Corporation","Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Interdisciplinary Perspectives on Infectious Diseases","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.9391000270843506,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8408751864","display_name":"Microbial Ecology of Helicobacter-induced Colitis","funder_award_id":"R01DK070875","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","funder_display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337357","display_name":"National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases","ror":"https://ror.org/00adh9b73"}],"has_content":{"pdf":true,"grobid_xml":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2090573591.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2090573591.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":473,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W12398220","https://openalex.org/W26376654","https://openalex.org/W47646469","https://openalex.org/W75904336","https://openalex.org/W139289807","https://openalex.org/W140365936","https://openalex.org/W194492523","https://openalex.org/W1266739029","https://openalex.org/W1421871006","https://openalex.org/W1484113940","https://openalex.org/W1501204151","https://openalex.org/W1506114605","https://openalex.org/W1511490662","https://openalex.org/W1511823445","https://openalex.org/W1533621372","https://openalex.org/W1535586515","https://openalex.org/W1541292363","https://openalex.org/W1545700013","https://openalex.org/W1570402308","https://openalex.org/W1572163184","https://openalex.org/W1574697659","https://openalex.org/W1575061534","https://openalex.org/W1589430658","https://openalex.org/W1593485386","https://openalex.org/W1598363147","https://openalex.org/W1598574080","https://openalex.org/W1601483930","https://openalex.org/W1640577288","https://openalex.org/W1658221551","https://openalex.org/W1779494490","https://openalex.org/W1789825216","https://openalex.org/W1799266252","https://openalex.org/W1820461377","https://openalex.org/W1832474145","https://openalex.org/W1841002472","https://openalex.org/W1853321481","https://openalex.org/W1858541242","https://openalex.org/W1866390679","https://openalex.org/W1868667984","https://openalex.org/W1879944265","https://openalex.org/W1891399066","https://openalex.org/W1893056570","https://openalex.org/W1896880434","https://openalex.org/W1900149929","https://openalex.org/W1906472505","https://openalex.org/W1924266661","https://openalex.org/W1925956910","https://openalex.org/W1934624334","https://openalex.org/W1945327512","https://openalex.org/W1947478688","https://openalex.org/W1958512987","https://openalex.org/W1962092754","https://openalex.org/W1963723331","https://openalex.org/W1963887979","https://openalex.org/W1964351185","https://openalex.org/W1965647025","https://openalex.org/W1965937322","https://openalex.org/W1966287563","https://openalex.org/W1968112772","https://openalex.org/W1968205810","https://openalex.org/W1968762427","https://openalex.org/W1969889522","https://openalex.org/W1971039818","https://openalex.org/W1971415551","https://openalex.org/W1972683406","https://openalex.org/W1977085329","https://openalex.org/W1977166123","https://openalex.org/W1977805207","https://openalex.org/W1977963936","https://openalex.org/W1980914602","https://openalex.org/W1980950685","https://openalex.org/W1981600738","https://openalex.org/W1982072697","https://openalex.org/W1982652385","https://openalex.org/W1983918621","https://openalex.org/W1984015997","https://openalex.org/W1985725647","https://openalex.org/W1986488619","https://openalex.org/W1986597274","https://openalex.org/W1986706966","https://openalex.org/W1987647277","https://openalex.org/W1987992874","https://openalex.org/W1988082133","https://openalex.org/W1988282769","https://openalex.org/W1988387288","https://openalex.org/W1988740874","https://openalex.org/W1988925586","https://openalex.org/W1992174684","https://openalex.org/W1993351446","https://openalex.org/W1994090985","https://openalex.org/W1995315804","https://openalex.org/W1995321760","https://openalex.org/W1995359262","https://openalex.org/W1995634357","https://openalex.org/W1996254542","https://openalex.org/W1997080369","https://openalex.org/W1998836440","https://openalex.org/W1998989320","https://openalex.org/W2000450522","https://openalex.org/W2000644278","https://openalex.org/W2001439699","https://openalex.org/W2001725494","https://openalex.org/W2002258037","https://openalex.org/W2003788503","https://openalex.org/W2005021548","https://openalex.org/W2005318455","https://openalex.org/W2006166158","https://openalex.org/W2007299159","https://openalex.org/W2007501057","https://openalex.org/W2008194879","https://openalex.org/W2008230537","https://openalex.org/W2008390343","https://openalex.org/W2009890257","https://openalex.org/W2010247691","https://openalex.org/W2010355651","https://openalex.org/W2013245073","https://openalex.org/W2013435611","https://openalex.org/W2013795799","https://openalex.org/W2013957558","https://openalex.org/W2015989259","https://openalex.org/W2017027430","https://openalex.org/W2017153096","https://openalex.org/W2017785927","https://openalex.org/W2018599132","https://openalex.org/W2019097719","https://openalex.org/W2019521764","https://openalex.org/W2020668834","https://openalex.org/W2021071631","https://openalex.org/W2021752782","https://openalex.org/W2023610631","https://openalex.org/W2025134067","https://openalex.org/W2025294451","https://openalex.org/W2025986883","https://openalex.org/W2027177838","https://openalex.org/W2027973875","https://openalex.org/W2028286172","https://openalex.org/W2028605145","https://openalex.org/W2029256626","https://openalex.org/W2029271200","https://openalex.org/W2030154486","https://openalex.org/W2030207385","https://openalex.org/W2030382588","https://openalex.org/W2030581107","https://openalex.org/W2030855312","https://openalex.org/W2031134595","https://openalex.org/W2031250451","https://openalex.org/W2031576296","https://openalex.org/W2032605132","https://openalex.org/W2032678548","https://openalex.org/W2032705009","https://openalex.org/W2033750976","https://openalex.org/W2034428861","https://openalex.org/W2034752409","https://openalex.org/W2034976321","https://openalex.org/W2035923281","https://openalex.org/W2037298492","https://openalex.org/W2038122907","https://openalex.org/W2038217946","https://openalex.org/W2038343076","https://openalex.org/W2039636064","https://openalex.org/W2040690027","https://openalex.org/W2040821545","https://openalex.org/W2040992693","https://openalex.org/W2041079265","https://openalex.org/W2041613596","https://openalex.org/W2041624820","https://openalex.org/W2042074642","https://openalex.org/W2042169573","https://openalex.org/W2043667001","https://openalex.org/W2044351560","https://openalex.org/W2044488814","https://openalex.org/W2045614986","https://openalex.org/W2047269947","https://openalex.org/W2048093113","https://openalex.org/W2049095364","https://openalex.org/W2049671659","https://openalex.org/W2049807495","https://openalex.org/W2050016905","https://openalex.org/W2050445943","https://openalex.org/W2050807748","https://openalex.org/W2051409771","https://openalex.org/W2051699539","https://openalex.org/W2051954859","https://openalex.org/W2052179757","https://openalex.org/W2052969143","https://openalex.org/W2053167547","https://openalex.org/W2053631253","https://openalex.org/W2054007006","https://openalex.org/W2054453568","https://openalex.org/W2055043387","https://openalex.org/W2055897109","https://openalex.org/W2056942998","https://openalex.org/W2058638864","https://openalex.org/W2060144673","https://openalex.org/W2060926156","https://openalex.org/W2061016076","https://openalex.org/W2061032154","https://openalex.org/W2061559511","https://openalex.org/W2061887292","https://openalex.org/W2064648361","https://openalex.org/W2064837899","https://openalex.org/W2064974028","https://openalex.org/W2065067981","https://openalex.org/W2068354067","https://openalex.org/W2068624337","https://openalex.org/W2068687524","https://openalex.org/W2068727897","https://openalex.org/W2069459614","https://openalex.org/W2070484449","https://openalex.org/W2071273298","https://openalex.org/W2072417345","https://openalex.org/W2073251918","https://openalex.org/W2073332363","https://openalex.org/W2073925485","https://openalex.org/W2074095468","https://openalex.org/W2074202314","https://openalex.org/W2074994852","https://openalex.org/W2075999219","https://openalex.org/W2076014158","https://openalex.org/W2076621797","https://openalex.org/W2077604052","https://openalex.org/W2078270806","https://openalex.org/W2078325900","https://openalex.org/W2078439582","https://openalex.org/W2078886175","https://openalex.org/W2079214938","https://openalex.org/W2079237940","https://openalex.org/W2079254902","https://openalex.org/W2080700065","https://openalex.org/W2081329471","https://openalex.org/W2081966773","https://openalex.org/W2082196403","https://openalex.org/W2083537767","https://openalex.org/W2083845392","https://openalex.org/W2084120324","https://openalex.org/W2084443943","https://openalex.org/W2084460330","https://openalex.org/W2084646826","https://openalex.org/W2085077780","https://openalex.org/W2086219374","https://openalex.org/W2086565315","https://openalex.org/W2087028779","https://openalex.org/W2087521689","https://openalex.org/W2088864553","https://openalex.org/W2089455661","https://openalex.org/W2089630371","https://openalex.org/W2089819384","https://openalex.org/W2089972348","https://openalex.org/W2090098515","https://openalex.org/W2090646040","https://openalex.org/W2090851364","https://openalex.org/W2090925778","https://openalex.org/W2091840905","https://openalex.org/W2093069928","https://openalex.org/W2093229489","https://openalex.org/W2093507245","https://openalex.org/W2094029455","https://openalex.org/W2094669111","https://openalex.org/W2095006983","https://openalex.org/W2096369860","https://openalex.org/W2096566061","https://openalex.org/W2096605259","https://openalex.org/W2096678238","https://openalex.org/W2096891797","https://openalex.org/W2097121808","https://openalex.org/W2097177097","https://openalex.org/W2097867359","https://openalex.org/W2097979496","https://openalex.org/W2098112354","https://openalex.org/W2099039895","https://openalex.org/W2099478404","https://openalex.org/W2099545010","https://openalex.org/W2099817249","https://openalex.org/W2100638494","https://openalex.org/W2100684194","https://openalex.org/W2100797163","https://openalex.org/W2102212569","https://openalex.org/W2102242639","https://openalex.org/W2102555068","https://openalex.org/W2102615343","https://openalex.org/W2103170384","https://openalex.org/W2103863018","https://openalex.org/W2104696258","https://openalex.org/W2104890139","https://openalex.org/W2104990098","https://openalex.org/W2105046957","https://openalex.org/W2105190780","https://openalex.org/W2105504607","https://openalex.org/W2106829739","https://openalex.org/W2106944866","https://openalex.org/W2107507657","https://openalex.org/W2107594154","https://openalex.org/W2107794977","https://openalex.org/W2107853514","https://openalex.org/W2108487398","https://openalex.org/W2108902748","https://openalex.org/W2109992855","https://openalex.org/W2111775329","https://openalex.org/W2111858111","https://openalex.org/W2112552808","https://openalex.org/W2112589439","https://openalex.org/W2113797038","https://openalex.org/W2113857827","https://openalex.org/W2114167906","https://openalex.org/W2114521082","https://openalex.org/W2115492856","https://openalex.org/W2115704905","https://openalex.org/W2117065897","https://openalex.org/W2117130914","https://openalex.org/W2117294869","https://openalex.org/W2118087104","https://openalex.org/W2119144947","https://openalex.org/W2119686278","https://openalex.org/W2119994555","https://openalex.org/W2120459847","https://openalex.org/W2120665364","https://openalex.org/W2121199716","https://openalex.org/W2121673355","https://openalex.org/W2121914097","https://openalex.org/W2121957100","https://openalex.org/W2122007620","https://openalex.org/W2122169508","https://openalex.org/W2122446900","https://openalex.org/W2124519481","https://openalex.org/W2125200552","https://openalex.org/W2125553150","https://openalex.org/W2125862549","https://openalex.org/W2126446070","https://openalex.org/W2126941629","https://openalex.org/W2127098783","https://openalex.org/W2127415562","https://openalex.org/W2127568565","https://openalex.org/W2127922913","https://openalex.org/W2128168864","https://openalex.org/W2129021545","https://openalex.org/W2130070665","https://openalex.org/W2131186249","https://openalex.org/W2131217668","https://openalex.org/W2131274893","https://openalex.org/W2131286839","https://openalex.org/W2131417720","https://openalex.org/W2131948668","https://openalex.org/W2131973521","https://openalex.org/W2132088881","https://openalex.org/W2132935604","https://openalex.org/W2132998789","https://openalex.org/W2133449490","https://openalex.org/W2133701090","https://openalex.org/W2134351926","https://openalex.org/W2134506669","https://openalex.org/W2134620606","https://openalex.org/W2134665827","https://openalex.org/W2134675141","https://openalex.org/W2134747706","https://openalex.org/W2135217300","https://openalex.org/W2135402896","https://openalex.org/W2135780060","https://openalex.org/W2136145671","https://openalex.org/W2136773389","https://openalex.org/W2137061941","https://openalex.org/W2137776258","https://openalex.org/W2137844026","https://openalex.org/W2137890563","https://openalex.org/W2138150651","https://openalex.org/W2138794424","https://openalex.org/W2138937433","https://openalex.org/W2139464173","https://openalex.org/W2139607253","https://openalex.org/W2139900098","https://openalex.org/W2140230863","https://openalex.org/W2140993771","https://openalex.org/W2141311686","https://openalex.org/W2141772072","https://openalex.org/W2142660452","https://openalex.org/W2142735254","https://openalex.org/W2143147889","https://openalex.org/W2143784594","https://openalex.org/W2144568808","https://openalex.org/W2144568881","https://openalex.org/W2144826002","https://openalex.org/W2144845076","https://openalex.org/W2144878722","https://openalex.org/W2145336165","https://openalex.org/W2145969791","https://openalex.org/W2146616239","https://openalex.org/W2146688647","https://openalex.org/W2147694532","https://openalex.org/W2147783737","https://openalex.org/W2147982928","https://openalex.org/W2148067829","https://openalex.org/W2148422863","https://openalex.org/W2148439275","https://openalex.org/W2149243422","https://openalex.org/W2149351690","https://openalex.org/W2150089165","https://openalex.org/W2151402778","https://openalex.org/W2151568423","https://openalex.org/W2151742889","https://openalex.org/W2152802745","https://openalex.org/W2152805980","https://openalex.org/W2152885278","https://openalex.org/W2153133935","https://openalex.org/W2153732314","https://openalex.org/W2153905079","https://openalex.org/W2154065251","https://openalex.org/W2154561638","https://openalex.org/W2155032031","https://openalex.org/W2155190334","https://openalex.org/W2156145269","https://openalex.org/W2156291578","https://openalex.org/W2156465688","https://openalex.org/W2156818800","https://openalex.org/W2158421363","https://openalex.org/W2158540915","https://openalex.org/W2158710364","https://openalex.org/W2158897609","https://openalex.org/W2158902491","https://openalex.org/W2159480438","https://openalex.org/W2159567888","https://openalex.org/W2159856736","https://openalex.org/W2159907189","https://openalex.org/W2161564173","https://openalex.org/W2162315106","https://openalex.org/W2162578061","https://openalex.org/W2162726394","https://openalex.org/W2162748874","https://openalex.org/W2162998349","https://openalex.org/W2163566694","https://openalex.org/W2164759634","https://openalex.org/W2165829105","https://openalex.org/W2165923702","https://openalex.org/W2165927934","https://openalex.org/W2166200539","https://openalex.org/W2166386674","https://openalex.org/W2167062509","https://openalex.org/W2167084464","https://openalex.org/W2167113011","https://openalex.org/W2167177743","https://openalex.org/W2167194504","https://openalex.org/W2167215692","https://openalex.org/W2167402974","https://openalex.org/W2167563643","https://openalex.org/W2167663556","https://openalex.org/W2167730457","https://openalex.org/W2167933104","https://openalex.org/W2169238760","https://openalex.org/W2170052798","https://openalex.org/W2170327205","https://openalex.org/W2170638721","https://openalex.org/W2171078327","https://openalex.org/W2171963518","https://openalex.org/W2172852338","https://openalex.org/W2211987955","https://openalex.org/W2258483157","https://openalex.org/W2277430674","https://openalex.org/W2281334710","https://openalex.org/W2317894502","https://openalex.org/W2331725203","https://openalex.org/W2339300120","https://openalex.org/W2394887728","https://openalex.org/W2399230173","https://openalex.org/W2402098026","https://openalex.org/W2415596928","https://openalex.org/W2417892265","https://openalex.org/W2419179758","https://openalex.org/W2487252457","https://openalex.org/W2502123448","https://openalex.org/W2764433274","https://openalex.org/W2916596946","https://openalex.org/W3152324100","https://openalex.org/W4248360808","https://openalex.org/W4299993032","https://openalex.org/W4313309903"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2000807407","https://openalex.org/W2187903497","https://openalex.org/W3196199490","https://openalex.org/W7099928898","https://openalex.org/W2097118860","https://openalex.org/W2895368030","https://openalex.org/W2884143271","https://openalex.org/W4244131692","https://openalex.org/W7163531225","https://openalex.org/W3010842967"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"century":[1],"after":[2],"Robert":[3],"Koch":[4],"linked":[5],"individual":[6],"cultured":[7],"microbes":[8,433,444],"to":[9,103,109,152,171,183,202,236,253,374,524,570],"specific":[10],"diseases":[11,140,226],"(Koch's":[12],"postulates),":[13],"it":[14],"has":[15],"become":[16],"increasingly":[17],"apparent":[18],"that":[19,217],"the":[20,27,45,52,67,86,90,115,121,162,166,185,192,196,214,237,256,260,265,269,272,287,293,297,301,328,336,345,358,376,393,405,408,424,429,437,440,448,466,472,499,510,520,526,530,544,550,555,565],"complex":[21,96,124,341],"community":[22,497],"of":[23,41,51,62,66,95,114,123,155,165,176,187,213,220,232,255,264,305,315,330,340,357,361,395,407,431,442,501,512,522,554,568],"microorganisms":[24],"associated":[25],"with":[26,58,85,268,484],"human":[28,197,215,238,257,316,346,452,467],"body":[29],"plays":[30],"a":[31,59,137,173,210,275,371],"key":[32],"role":[33,138,406,441,567],"in":[34,89,120,131,139,296,309,411,423,434,445,477,480,498],"health":[35],"and":[36,74,78,92,117,127,145,179,224,271,283,292,312,338,363,388,401,414,456,462,471,485,509,534,540,543,552,561],"disease.":[37,75],"The":[38,228,352,380,504],"National":[39],"Institutes":[40],"Health":[42],"recently":[43],"announced":[44],"Human":[46],"Microbiome":[47],"Project":[48],"as":[49,142,349],"part":[50],"NIH":[53],"Roadmap":[54],"for":[55,161,334,439],"medical":[56],"research,":[57],"primary":[60,180],"goal":[61],"advancing":[63],"our":[64],"understanding":[65],"relationships":[68],"among":[69],"host-associated":[70],"microbial":[71,97,125,133,342,396,478,496],"communities,":[72,126],"health,":[73],"Many":[76],"physicians":[77],"researchers,":[79],"however,":[80],"have":[81],"only":[82],"passing":[83],"familiarity":[84],"concepts":[87,116],"involved":[88],"study":[91,122,375],"therapeutic":[93,163],"manipulation":[94,164],"communities.\r\n\r\nThis":[98],"special":[99,189],"issue":[100],"was":[101],"conceived":[102],"accomplish":[104],"several":[105],"goals.":[106],"We":[107,148],"wanted":[108],"provide":[110],"readily":[111],"accessible":[112],"overviews":[113],"methods":[118,333],"used":[119,160],"demonstrate":[128],"how":[129,156,246],"changes":[130],"indigenous":[132,167,273,294],"communities":[134,479],"can":[135,158,250,320],"play":[136],"such":[141,370],"antibiotic-associated":[143,386,412],"diarrhea":[144,387,413],"bacterial":[146,454,457,469,487,502],"vaginosis.":[147,503],"also":[149],"set":[150],"out":[151],"find":[153],"examples":[154],"probiotics":[157,523,569],"be":[159,251,321],"microbiota.\r\n\r\nWe":[168],"were":[169],"fortunate":[170],"receive":[172],"strong":[174],"collection":[175],"review":[177,286,327,436,465],"articles":[178],"research":[181],"manuscripts":[182],"meet":[184],"goals":[186],"this":[188,495],"issue.":[190],"In":[191,300,447],"first":[193],"article":[194,230,262,303,354,382,426,450,474,506,532,546],"\u201cConceptualizing":[195],"microbiota:":[198,274,318],"from":[199],"multicelled":[200],"organ":[201],"ecological":[203,233,247],"community,\u201d":[204],"B.":[205,284],"Foxman":[206],"et":[207,243,325,421,492,517],"al.":[208,326,518],"present":[209],"novel":[211],"conceptualization":[212],"microbiome":[216],"blends":[218],"perspectives":[219],"epidemiologists,":[221],"classical":[222],"ecologists":[223],"infectious":[225],"physicians.":[227],"second":[229],"\u201cApplication":[231,304],"network":[234,248],"theory":[235,249],"microbiome,\u201d":[239],"by":[240,279,366,398,459,489,514,537,558],"J.":[241,367,490,541,562],"Foster":[242],"al.,":[244,422,493],"outlines":[245],"applied":[252],"studies":[254],"microbiome,":[258],"while":[259,418],"third":[261],"\u201cInteractions":[263],"intestinal":[266,317,347,556],"epithelium":[267],"pathogen":[270],"three":[276],"way":[277],"crosstalk,\u201d":[278],"C.":[280],"V.":[281,402],"Srikanth":[282],"McCormick,":[285],"interactions":[288],"between":[289],"epithelial":[290],"pathogens":[291],"microbiota":[295,348,360,410,470,508],"mammalian":[298],"gut.":[299],"fourth":[302],"sequence-dependent":[306,331],"electrophoresis":[307],"fingerprinting":[308,332,372],"exploring":[310],"biodiversity":[311],"population":[313],"dynamics":[314,339],"what":[319],"revealed?\u201d":[322],"G.":[323],"Huys":[324],"use":[329,511,521],"studying":[335],"structure":[337],"systems":[343],"using":[344],"an":[350],"example.":[351],"fifth":[353],"\u201cEcological":[355],"characterization":[356],"colonic":[359,378],"normal":[362],"diarrheic":[364],"dogs,\u201d":[365],"Bell,":[368],"employs":[369],"method":[373],"canine":[377],"microbiota.":[379,528],"sixth":[381],"\u201cEmerging":[383],"insights":[384],"into":[385,428],"Clostridium":[389,415],"difficile":[390,416],"infection":[391,417],"through":[392],"lens":[394],"ecology,\u201d":[397],"S.":[399,460,515],"Walk":[400],"Young,":[403],"discusses":[404,519],"gut":[409,432,443],"Y.":[419],"Sanz":[420],"seventh":[425],"\u201cInsights":[427],"roles":[430],"obesity,\u201d":[435],"evidence":[438],"obesity.":[446],"eighth":[449],"\u201cThe":[451],"vaginal":[453,468,527],"biota":[455],"vaginosis,\u201d":[458,488],"Srinivasan":[461],"D.":[463],"Fredericks":[464],"ninth":[473],"\u201cTemporal":[475],"shifts":[476],"non-pregnant":[481],"african-american":[482],"women":[483],"without":[486],"Wertz":[491],"examines":[494],"setting":[500],"tenth":[505],"\u201cVaginal":[507],"probiotics,\u201d":[513],"Cribby":[516],"alter":[525],"Finally,":[529],"eleventh":[531],"\u201cProbiotics":[533],"gastrointestinal":[535,572],"infections,\u201d":[536],"R.":[538],"Britton":[539],"Versalovic,":[542],"twelveth":[545],"\u201cProbiotic":[547],"bacteria":[548],"influence":[549,571],"composition":[551],"function":[553],"microbiota,\u201d":[557],"P.":[559],"O\u2019Toole":[560],"Cooney,":[563],"summarize":[564],"potential":[566],"health.":[573]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}