{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090281630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","title":"Radically Socialized Knowledge and Conspiracy Theories","display_name":"Radically Socialized Knowledge and Conspiracy Theories","publication_year":2007,"publication_date":"2007-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090281630","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","mag":"2090281630"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1353/epi.2007.0022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme: A Journal of Social Epistemology","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051836354","display_name":"Neil L. Levy","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-1986","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5679-1986"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","display_name":"The University of Melbourne","ror":"https://ror.org/01ej9dk98","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I40120149","display_name":"University of Oxford","ror":"https://ror.org/052gg0110","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}],"countries":["AU","GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Neil Levy","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Melbourne","University of Oxford"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Melbourne","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Oxford","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I40120149"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051836354"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I165779595","https://openalex.org/I40120149"],"apc_list":{"value":3550,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3550},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":151,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.30539631,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":"4","issue":"2","first_page":"181","last_page":"192"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11477","display_name":"Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics","score":0.9883000254631042,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1211","display_name":"Philosophy"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.009200000204145908,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12320","display_name":"Feminist Epistemology and Gender Studies","score":0.0008999999845400453,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/conspiracy-theories","display_name":"conspiracy theories","score":0.996999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-epistemology","display_name":"social epistemology","score":0.8069999814033508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-authority","display_name":"epistemic authority","score":0.8050000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-acquisition","display_name":"knowledge acquisition","score":0.4350000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/epistemic-rationality","display_name":"epistemic rationality","score":0.574999988079071}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67597806","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q15407657","display_name":"Layperson","level":2,"score":0.7748794555664062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.7203275561332703},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41852734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1990987","display_name":"Social theory","level":2,"score":0.5355937480926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39896673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3589301","display_name":"Social epistemology","level":2,"score":0.5323265790939331},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2986930172","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1116133","display_name":"Social knowledge","level":2,"score":0.4833104610443115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.4651324152946472},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.43673795461654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.32365500926971436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.3119109272956848},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.20865517854690552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.1753249168395996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.1453033685684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.09842365980148315},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1353/epi.2007.0022","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1353/epi.2007.0022","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme: A Journal of Social Epistemology","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"doi:10.3366/epi.2007.4.2.181","doi":"https://doi.org/10.3366/epi.2007.4.2.181","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.3366/epi.2007.4.2.181","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S116734912","display_name":"Episteme","issn_l":"1742-3600","issn":["1742-3600","1750-0117"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310311721","host_organization_name":"Cambridge University Press","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310311721","https://openalex.org/P4310311702"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Cambridge University Press","University of Cambridge"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Episteme","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:muse.jhu.edu:/article/228148","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://muse.jhu.edu/pub/63/article/228148","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196299","display_name":"Project Muse (Johns Hopkins University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I145311948","host_organization_name":"Johns Hopkins University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I145311948"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:jupiter.its.unimelb.edu.au:11343/31018","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/11343/31018","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196259","display_name":"Minerva Access (University of Melbourne)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I165779595","host_organization_name":"The University of Melbourne","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I165779595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W85173356","https://openalex.org/W147691303","https://openalex.org/W1505155904","https://openalex.org/W1524115983","https://openalex.org/W1977308918","https://openalex.org/W1986910700","https://openalex.org/W1990199869","https://openalex.org/W2003547480","https://openalex.org/W2013112874","https://openalex.org/W2033689567","https://openalex.org/W2078484068","https://openalex.org/W2081443600","https://openalex.org/W2087540179","https://openalex.org/W2099969219","https://openalex.org/W2140107468","https://openalex.org/W2469390141","https://openalex.org/W3169984303"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2566610339","https://openalex.org/W7115725346","https://openalex.org/W4293108105","https://openalex.org/W4404725787","https://openalex.org/W7036548823","https://openalex.org/W4414111842","https://openalex.org/W4283211646","https://openalex.org/W2589704643","https://openalex.org/W7123805035","https://openalex.org/W1559582138"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"ABSTRACT":[0],"The":[1],"typical":[2],"explanation":[3,17],"of":[4,72],"an":[5,16,83],"event":[6],"or":[7],"process":[8],"which":[9],"attracts":[10],"the":[11,21,25,35,39,59,79,103,130,138,144],"label":[12],"\u2018conspiracy":[13],"theory\u2019":[14],"is":[15,42,53,66],"that":[18,32,85],"conflicts":[19],"with":[20],"account":[22],"advanced":[23],"by":[24,62],"relevant":[26],"epistemic":[27,88],"authorities":[28],".":[29],"I":[30],"argue":[31],"both":[33],"for":[34,38],"layperson":[36],"and":[37,117],"intellectual,":[40],"it":[41,65],"almost":[43],"never":[44],"rational":[45],"to":[46,78,132,142],"accept":[47],"such":[48],"a":[49,107,123],"conspiracy":[50,108,124,145],"theory.":[51,146],"Knowledge":[52],"not":[54],"merely":[55],"shallowly":[56],"social,":[57],"in":[58,82,92,98,134],"manner":[60],"recognized":[61],"social":[63,100],"epistemology,":[64],"also":[67],"constitutively":[68],"social:":[69],"many":[70],"kinds":[71],"knowledge":[73,93],"only":[74],"become":[75],"accessible":[76],"thanks":[77],"agent's":[80],"embedding":[81],"environment":[84],"includes":[86],"other":[87],"agents.":[89],"Moreover,":[90],"advances":[91],"typically":[94],"require":[95],"ongoing":[96],"immersion":[97],"this":[99,115],"environment.":[101],"But":[102],"intellectual":[104],"who":[105],"embraces":[106],"theory":[109,125],"risks":[110],"cutting":[111],"herself":[112],"off":[113],"from":[114],"environment,":[116],"therefore":[118,126],"epistemically":[119],"disabling":[120],"herself.":[121],"Embracing":[122],"places":[127],"at":[128],"risk":[129],"ability":[131],"engage":[133],"genuine":[135],"enquiry,":[136],"including":[137],"enquiry":[139],"needed":[140],"properly":[141],"evaluate":[143]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":22},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":14},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":18},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":36},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-16T09:59:22.235173","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
