{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090243146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","title":"Open question answering over curated and extracted knowledge bases","display_name":"Open question answering over curated and extracted knowledge bases","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-08-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090243146","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","mag":"2090243146"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1145/2623330.2623677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"volume":null,"type":"conference-paper","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036204095","display_name":"Anthony Fader","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anthony Fader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067919401","display_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8296-0764","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8296-0764"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I201448701","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Luke Zettlemoyer","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I201448701"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5110184338","display_name":"Oren Etzioni","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210156221","display_name":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence","ror":"https://ror.org/05w520734","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Oren Etzioni","raw_affiliation_strings":["Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Allen Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Seattle, WA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210156221"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":24.0155,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":419,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.99790868,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1156","last_page":"1165"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10028","display_name":"Topic Modeling","score":0.9320999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.012299999594688416,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10286","display_name":"Information Retrieval and Search Behavior","score":0.009100000374019146,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/open-domain-question-answering","display_name":"open-domain question answering","score":0.9980000257492065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base","display_name":"knowledge base","score":0.9710000157356262},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/knowledge-base-extraction","display_name":"knowledge base extraction","score":0.6859999895095825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/freebase","display_name":"Freebase","score":0.47200000286102295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unstructured-text","display_name":"unstructured text","score":0.6110000014305115}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.843314528465271},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C44291984","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Question answering","level":2,"score":0.813117265701294},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7685326933860779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2993776861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074173","display_name":"Open domain","level":3,"score":0.6742337942123413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.5457200407981873},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96711827","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17012245","display_name":"Entity linking","level":3,"score":0.4936538636684418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4554734","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q593744","display_name":"Knowledge base","level":2,"score":0.4675667881965637},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.4577750861644745},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207685749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2088941","display_name":"Domain knowledge","level":2,"score":0.44014492630958557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115925183","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1412694","display_name":"Knowledge-based systems","level":2,"score":0.4303593933582306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120567893","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1582085","display_name":"Knowledge extraction","level":2,"score":0.42257213592529297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.3443835973739624},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.3431856632232666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1145/2623330.2623677","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1145/2623330.2623677","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363608767","display_name":"ACM SIGKDD Conference on Knowledge Discovery and Data Mining (KDD)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings of the 20th ACM SIGKDD international conference on Knowledge discovery and data mining","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1746478","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"FA8750-13-2-0019","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G7355594076","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"W911NF-13-1-0246","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","funder_display_name":"Army Research Office"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8992927305","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-11-1-0294","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","funder_display_name":"Office of Naval Research"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320310094","display_name":"University of Washington","ror":"https://ror.org/00cvxb145"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338281","display_name":"Army Research Office","ror":"https://ror.org/05epdh915"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W164524185","https://openalex.org/W1493490255","https://openalex.org/W1496189301","https://openalex.org/W1498238796","https://openalex.org/W1512387364","https://openalex.org/W1520082916","https://openalex.org/W1559723967","https://openalex.org/W1731062554","https://openalex.org/W1870305865","https://openalex.org/W1965605789","https://openalex.org/W1979514837","https://openalex.org/W1979711143","https://openalex.org/W2028175314","https://openalex.org/W2057670927","https://openalex.org/W2104009457","https://openalex.org/W2107598941","https://openalex.org/W2109614908","https://openalex.org/W2121465811","https://openalex.org/W2131726681","https://openalex.org/W2134415318","https://openalex.org/W2138605095","https://openalex.org/W2143564602","https://openalex.org/W2151149636","https://openalex.org/W2156233801","https://openalex.org/W2160770043","https://openalex.org/W2161002933","https://openalex.org/W2163274265","https://openalex.org/W2163561827","https://openalex.org/W2167187514","https://openalex.org/W2251673953","https://openalex.org/W2252136820","https://openalex.org/W4249572517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7099941994","https://openalex.org/W3125389707","https://openalex.org/W3117679003","https://openalex.org/W3163333714","https://openalex.org/W4324011593","https://openalex.org/W6962609886","https://openalex.org/W2575632770","https://openalex.org/W2767926261","https://openalex.org/W4225936408","https://openalex.org/W7096809217"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"consider":[1],"the":[2,37],"problem":[3],"of":[4],"open-domain":[5],"question":[6],"answering":[7],"(Open":[8],"QA)":[9],"over":[10],"massive":[11],"knowledge":[12],"bases":[13],"(KBs).":[14],"Existing":[15],"approaches":[16],"use":[17],"either":[18],"manually":[19],"curated":[20,43],"KBs":[21,25],"like":[22],"Freebase":[23],"or":[24],"automatically":[26],"extracted":[27,45],"from":[28],"unstructured":[29],"text.":[30],"In":[31],"this":[32],"paper,":[33],"we":[34],"present":[35],"OQA,":[36],"first":[38],"approach":[39],"to":[40],"leverage":[41],"both":[42],"and":[44],"KBs.":[46]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":21},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":28},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":24},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":31},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":49},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":62},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":63},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":38},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":48},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":29},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":9}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
