{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090123136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","title":"Negative Addiction in Male and Female Runners and Exercisers","display_name":"Negative Addiction in Male and Female Runners and Exercisers","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090123136","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","mag":"2090123136","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367240"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072239212","display_name":"David M. Furst","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David M. Furst","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028986230","display_name":"Kristine E. Germone","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51504820","display_name":"San Jose State University","ror":"https://ror.org/04qyvz380","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kris Germone","raw_affiliation_strings":["San Jose State University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"San Jose State University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51504820"],"apc_list":{"value":3650,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3650},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":76,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.26555078,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":91,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"77","issue":"1","first_page":"192","last_page":"194"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.4846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11400","display_name":"Motivation and Self-Concept in Sports","score":0.4846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10352","display_name":"Physical Activity and Health","score":0.1420000046491623,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2739","display_name":"Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10813","display_name":"Sport Psychology and Performance","score":0.07750000059604645,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-addiction","display_name":"exercise addiction","score":0.8130000233650208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runners","display_name":"runners","score":0.8560000061988831},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercisers","display_name":"exercisers","score":0.9610000252723694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-differences","display_name":"gender differences","score":0.9430000185966492},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/age","display_name":"age","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise-experience","display_name":"exercise experience","score":0.8600000143051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exercise","display_name":"physical activity","score":0.6380000114440918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/addiction-scale","display_name":"addiction scale","score":0.3529999852180481}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48856860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12029","display_name":"Addiction","level":2,"score":0.8108518719673157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.6121858358383179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3020255362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747883","display_name":"Physical activity","level":2,"score":0.504906952381134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C70410870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199906","display_name":"Clinical psychology","level":1,"score":0.43836745619773865},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149923435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37732","display_name":"Demography","level":1,"score":0.38223332166671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118552586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7867","display_name":"Psychiatry","level":1,"score":0.3292093276977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138496976","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175002","display_name":"Developmental psychology","level":1,"score":0.32827723026275635},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.3269529342651367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.16267284750938416},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000328","descriptor_name":"Adult","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000704","descriptor_name":"Analysis of Variance","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005260","descriptor_name":"Female","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D006801","descriptor_name":"Humans","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D008297","descriptor_name":"Male","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012420","descriptor_name":"Running","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D015444","descriptor_name":"Exercise","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016739","descriptor_name":"Behavior, Addictive","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","doi":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1993.77.1.192","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S110965136","display_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","issn_l":"0031-5125","issn":["0031-5125","1558-688X"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","dongbi-c","jufo-1","medline","norway-1","poland-40","russia-white-list-2","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320017","host_organization_name":"SAGE Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320017"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["SAGE Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and Motor Skills","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:8367240","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/8367240","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Perceptual and motor skills","raw_type":"Comparative Study"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.9537000060081482,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"study_designs":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/study-designs/observational-study","display_name":"Observational Study"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W599535940","https://openalex.org/W2779985636"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2075928163","https://openalex.org/W7095799917","https://openalex.org/W1968771987","https://openalex.org/W7131841008","https://openalex.org/W2891750158","https://openalex.org/W2086692612","https://openalex.org/W4405885477","https://openalex.org/W3156437864","https://openalex.org/W4401384732","https://openalex.org/W2994015134"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"72":[0],"male":[1,8],"and":[2,6,9,22,39],"26":[3],"female":[4,11],"runners":[5],"60":[7],"30":[10],"exercisers":[12],"were":[13],"tested":[14],"on":[15],"the":[16,30],"Negative":[17],"Addiction":[18],"Scale":[19],"of":[20,36,55],"Hailey":[21],"Bailey":[23],"along":[24],"with":[25,67],"demographic":[26],"questions":[27],"to":[28,41],"examine":[29],"relationships":[31],"among":[32],"gender,":[33,52],"age,":[34,51],"years":[35],"exercise":[37],"experience,":[38],"addiction":[40,48,69],"exercise.":[42],"Analysis":[43],"showed":[44,59],"no":[45],"differences":[46],"in":[47,62],"scores":[49],"by":[50],"or":[53],"type":[54],"activity.":[56],"A":[57],"trend":[58],"longer":[60],"involvement":[61],"physical":[63],"activity":[64],"was":[65],"associated":[66],"higher":[68],"scores.":[70]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-11-07T11:25:07.637180","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}