{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090122465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","title":"The nature of the Japanese firm as a nexus of employment and financial contracts: An overview","display_name":"The nature of the Japanese firm as a nexus of employment and financial contracts: An overview","publication_year":1989,"publication_date":"1989-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090122465","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","mag":"2090122465"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160393188","display_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","issn_l":"0889-1583","issn":["0889-1583","1095-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"hybrid","oa_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5051067139","display_name":"Masahiko Aoki","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-919X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3760-919X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I22299242","display_name":"Kyoto University","ror":"https://ror.org/02kpeqv85","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I97018004","display_name":"Stanford University","ror":"https://ror.org/00f54p054","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]}],"countries":["JP","US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Masahiko Aoki","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA","Institute of Economics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Economics, Stanford University, Stanford, California 94305, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I97018004"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Economics, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606 Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5051067139"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I22299242","https://openalex.org/I97018004"],"apc_list":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"apc_paid":{"value":3970,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3970},"fwci":3.0598,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91930931,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"3","issue":"4","first_page":"345","last_page":"366"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10019","display_name":"Corporate Finance and Governance","score":0.6786999702453613,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2003","display_name":"Finance"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13057","display_name":"Asian Industrial and Economic Development","score":0.10859999805688858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3320","display_name":"Political Science and International Relations"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11198","display_name":"Japanese History and Culture","score":0.03139999881386757,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3316","display_name":"Cultural Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employment-contracts","display_name":"employment contracts","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-contracts","display_name":"financial contracts","score":0.9959999918937683},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/agency-theory","display_name":"agency theory","score":0.6510000228881836},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/duality-principle","display_name":"duality principle","score":0.8140000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dual-control","display_name":"dual control","score":0.5519999861717224},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-decision-making","display_name":"management decision-making","score":0.6349999904632568},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/financial-interests","display_name":"financial interests","score":0.6119999885559082},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/employee-interests","display_name":"employee interests","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/corporate-governance","display_name":"corporate governance","score":0.6079999804496765}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148609458","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7021281","display_name":"Nexus (standard)","level":2,"score":0.9344379305839539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778023678","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q554403","display_name":"Duality (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.7682297229766846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780980858","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q110022","display_name":"Dual (grammatical number)","level":2,"score":0.7236713767051697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98184364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1780131","display_name":"Argument (complex analysis)","level":2,"score":0.6749721169471741},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108170787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3951828","display_name":"Agency (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.6336013078689575},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.5020170211791992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.48840612173080444},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200707436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053211","display_name":"Principal\u2013agent problem","level":3,"score":0.4563813805580139},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133425853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q60571","display_name":"Neoclassical economics","level":1,"score":0.3353821039199829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.3351840376853943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118084267","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26110","display_name":"Positive economics","level":1,"score":0.32798606157302856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.276701420545578},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.2016294002532959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C39389867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380767","display_name":"Corporate governance","level":2,"score":0.19764521718025208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.1500086486339569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.09141692519187927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C118615104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121416","display_name":"Discrete mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124952713","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8242","display_name":"Literature","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160393188","display_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","issn_l":"0889-1583","issn":["0889-1583","1095-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:RePEc:eee:jjieco:v:3:y:1989:i:4:p:345-366","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/0889-1583(89)90008-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401271","display_name":"RePEc: Research Papers in Economics","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I77793887","host_organization_name":"Federal Reserve Bank of St. Louis","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I77793887"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1016/0889-1583(89)90008-7","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S160393188","display_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","issn_l":"0889-1583","issn":["0889-1583","1095-8681"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","jufo-1","norway-1","poland-70","russia-white-list-1"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320990","host_organization_name":"Elsevier BV","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320990"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Elsevier BV"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by-nc-nd","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by-nc-nd","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of the Japanese and International Economies","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.833299994468689,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1490103879","https://openalex.org/W1503839861","https://openalex.org/W1547993862","https://openalex.org/W1593296264","https://openalex.org/W1684540946","https://openalex.org/W1695141611","https://openalex.org/W1760593174","https://openalex.org/W1989260482","https://openalex.org/W2015930340","https://openalex.org/W2016001783","https://openalex.org/W2025248685","https://openalex.org/W2032676143","https://openalex.org/W2051805744","https://openalex.org/W2063190275","https://openalex.org/W2117455041","https://openalex.org/W2122753608","https://openalex.org/W2143604006","https://openalex.org/W2160184254","https://openalex.org/W2261138327","https://openalex.org/W2328634943","https://openalex.org/W2466004156","https://openalex.org/W2566856888","https://openalex.org/W2752617332","https://openalex.org/W2797335181","https://openalex.org/W2895198943","https://openalex.org/W4250215119","https://openalex.org/W6637608362"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2083177894","https://openalex.org/W2257643738","https://openalex.org/W1965589433","https://openalex.org/W2499693113","https://openalex.org/W419479783","https://openalex.org/W1481247762","https://openalex.org/W616251885","https://openalex.org/W1574020148","https://openalex.org/W7212104748","https://openalex.org/W2477909214"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"article":[1],"examines":[2],"the":[3,6,27,33,38,42,57,68,80],"nature":[4],"of":[5,12,32,44,62,67,79],"Japanese":[7,69,81],"firm":[8,34,82],"as":[9],"a":[10],"nexus":[11],"employment":[13,63],"and":[14,17,50,59,64,91],"financial":[15,65,89],"contracts":[16,66],"argues":[18],"that":[19,76],"it":[20],"is":[21,83],"structured":[22],"somewhat":[23],"differently":[24],"from":[25],"what":[26],"widely":[28],"received":[29],"agency":[30],"model":[31],"envisions.":[35],"It":[36],"summarizes":[37],"essential":[39],"argument":[40],"in":[41],"form":[43],"three":[45],"duality":[46,52,73],"principles.":[47],"The":[48,71],"first":[49],"second":[51],"principles":[53],"are":[54],"concerned":[55],"with":[56],"idiosyncratic":[58],"symmetric":[60],"pattern":[61],"firm.":[70],"third":[72],"principle":[74],"posits":[75],"management":[77],"decision":[78],"placed":[84],"under":[85],"dual":[86],"control":[87],"by":[88],"interests":[90],"employees'":[92],"interests.":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-08T12:12:28.789561","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}