{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2090061335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","title":"Exocytotic and Nonexocytotic Modes of Glutamate Release from Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells During Chemical Ischaemia","display_name":"Exocytotic and Nonexocytotic Modes of Glutamate Release from Cultured Cerebellar Granule Cells During Chemical Ischaemia","publication_year":1998,"publication_date":"1998-02-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2090061335","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","mag":"2090061335","pmid":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9453577"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135837084","display_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","issn_l":"0022-3042","issn":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","pubmed"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068969195","display_name":"Jennifer M. Pocock","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-9331","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5812-9331"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4405260083","display_name":"UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology","ror":"https://ror.org/0370htr03","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I4405260083","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jennifer M. Pocock","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK","Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, England; and"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, England, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Neurochemistry, Institute of Neurology, London, England; and","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004270076","display_name":"David G. Nicholls","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-808X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5036-808X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177639307","display_name":"University of Dundee","ror":"https://ror.org/03h2bxq36","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David G. Nicholls","raw_affiliation_strings":["Neurosciences Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Neurosciences Institute, Department of Pharmacology, University of Dundee, Dundee, Scotland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177639307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5068969195"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4405260083"],"apc_list":{"value":5330,"currency":"USD","value_usd":5330},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.109,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":54,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.87547224,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"70","issue":"2","first_page":"806","last_page":"813"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10077","display_name":"Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research","score":0.9570000171661377,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2804","display_name":"Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10617","display_name":"Cellular transport and secretion","score":0.03290000185370445,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1307","display_name":"Cell Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10773","display_name":"Extracellular vesicles in disease","score":0.0013000000035390258,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1312","display_name":"Molecular Biology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/glutamate-release","display_name":"glutamate release","score":0.9950000047683716},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cerebellar-granule-cells","display_name":"cerebellar granule cells","score":0.9129999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/2-deoxy-d-glucose","display_name":"2-deoxyglucose","score":0.859000027179718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sodium-cyanide","display_name":"sodium cyanide","score":0.9620000123977661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exocytosis","display_name":"exocytosis","score":0.8740000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nmda-receptor","display_name":"NMDA receptor","score":0.843999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/calcium-channels","display_name":"calcium channels","score":0.6890000104904175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/omega-conotoxin-mviic","display_name":"omega-conotoxin MVIIC","score":0.875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tetanus-toxin","display_name":"tetanus toxin","score":0.9259999990463257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bafilomycin-a1","display_name":"bafilomycin A1","score":0.9940000176429749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atp-adp-ratio","display_name":"ATP/ADP ratio","score":0.9309999942779541},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fm1-43","display_name":"FM1-43","score":0.8989999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/synaptic-vesicles","display_name":"synaptic vesicles","score":0.7490000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/excitotoxicity","display_name":"excitotoxicity","score":0.6039999723434448}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67018056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q414896","display_name":"NMDA receptor","level":3,"score":0.681280255317688},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61174792","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420510","display_name":"Glutamate receptor","level":3,"score":0.6634249687194824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4141045","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83183","display_name":"Depolarization","level":2,"score":0.6390656232833862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175969161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q323426","display_name":"Exocytosis","level":3,"score":0.6372355818748474},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12554922","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7100","display_name":"Biophysics","level":1,"score":0.553846538066864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148785051","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q671136","display_name":"Synaptic vesicle","level":4,"score":0.527843713760376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.5214639902114868},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776219046","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162657","display_name":"Neurotransmitter","level":3,"score":0.49327462911605835},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49760210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5596727","display_name":"Granule (geology)","level":2,"score":0.4896450638771057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.3763231635093689},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3114597797393799},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170493617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208467","display_name":"Receptor","level":2,"score":0.2926701307296753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C130316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189206","display_name":"Vesicle","level":3,"score":0.26441606879234314},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41625074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176088","display_name":"Membrane","level":2,"score":0.19392821192741394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[{"descriptor_ui":"D000244","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Diphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000255","descriptor_name":"Adenosine Triphosphate","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000644","descriptor_name":"Quaternary Ammonium Compounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000818","descriptor_name":"Animals","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D000900","descriptor_name":"Anti-Bacterial Agents","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D001224","descriptor_name":"Aspartic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002118","descriptor_name":"Calcium","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002121","descriptor_name":"Calcium Channel Blockers","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002478","descriptor_name":"Cells, Cultured","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D002531","descriptor_name":"Cerebellum","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D002545","descriptor_name":"Brain Ischemia","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D003593","descriptor_name":"Cytoplasm","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D003847","descriptor_name":"Deoxyglucose","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D005089","descriptor_name":"Exocytosis","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D005456","descriptor_name":"Fluorescent Dyes","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000166","qualifier_name":"cytology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000187","qualifier_name":"drug effects","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D009474","descriptor_name":"Neurons","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D010455","descriptor_name":"Peptides","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D011726","descriptor_name":"Pyridinium Compounds","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D012966","descriptor_name":"Sodium Cyanide","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013744","descriptor_name":"Tetanus Toxin","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D013997","descriptor_name":"Time Factors","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D015220","descriptor_name":"Calcium Channels","qualifier_ui":"Q000502","qualifier_name":"physiology","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D016194","descriptor_name":"Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate","qualifier_ui":"Q000037","qualifier_name":"antagonists & inhibitors","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D016291","descriptor_name":"Dizocilpine Maleate","qualifier_ui":"Q000494","qualifier_name":"pharmacology","is_major_topic":false},{"descriptor_ui":"D018698","descriptor_name":"Glutamic Acid","qualifier_ui":"Q000378","qualifier_name":"metabolism","is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D018942","descriptor_name":"Macrolides","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D020960","descriptor_name":"omega-Conotoxins","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":true},{"descriptor_ui":"D051381","descriptor_name":"Rats","qualifier_ui":null,"qualifier_name":null,"is_major_topic":false}],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70020806.x","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S135837084","display_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","issn_l":"0022-3042","issn":["0022-3042","1471-4159"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core","dongbi-d","doyens","jufo-2","ki-jl-2","medline","norway-2","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320595","host_organization_name":"Wiley","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320595"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Wiley"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Neurochemistry","raw_type":"journal-article"},{"id":"pmid:9453577","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/9453577","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306525036","display_name":"PubMed","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1299303238","host_organization_name":"National Institutes of Health","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1299303238"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of neurochemistry","raw_type":"Journal Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:151476","doi":null,"is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/151476/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"listed_in":[],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"J NEUROCHEM , 70 (2) 806 - 813. (1998)","raw_type":"Article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8048999905586243,"display_name":"Good health and well-being","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320311904","display_name":"Wellcome Trust","ror":"https://ror.org/029chgv08"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1587769234","https://openalex.org/W2007200514","https://openalex.org/W2092001938","https://openalex.org/W2010309702","https://openalex.org/W1974252208","https://openalex.org/W1991483775","https://openalex.org/W2039690833","https://openalex.org/W2083908687","https://openalex.org/W2086032754","https://openalex.org/W2038550437"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,74,110],"mechanism":[1],"of":[2,16,33,36,55,76,118,123,146,162,170],"glutamate":[3],"release":[4,35,77,169,213],"from":[5],"cultured":[6],"cerebellar":[7],"granule":[8],"neurones":[9],"in":[10,78,99,113,139,157,182,197,227],"response":[11],"to":[12,59,85,148,233],"a":[13],"chemical":[14,204],"model":[15],"ischaemia":[17,147,205],"(10":[18],"mM":[19,23,93],"2-deoxyglucose":[20],"plus":[21],"1":[22],"sodium":[24],"cyanide)":[25],"was":[26,50,83,125,187,195],"investigated.":[27],"In":[28],"the":[29,53,60,79,119,129,137,144,158,171,176,216],"first":[30,80],"2":[31,81,108],"min":[32,82,152],"ischaemia,":[34],"preloaded":[37],"D-[3H]aspartate":[38,124],"could":[39],"be":[40],"extensively":[41],"attenuated":[42],"by":[43,88,91,128,189,211,220],"tetanus":[44],"toxin":[45],"and":[46,49,101,150,214],"bafilomycin":[47],"A1":[48],"dependent":[51],"on":[52],"activation":[54],"Ca2+":[56,63,96,115,141],"channels":[57],"sensitive":[58],"\"Q\"":[61],"type":[62],"channel":[64],"antagonist,":[65],"omega-conotoxin-MVIIC.":[66],"During":[67],"this":[68,198],"period,":[69],"ATP/ADP":[70],"ratios":[71],"fell":[72],"rapidly.":[73],"extent":[75],"comparable":[84],"that":[86,117,192,203,215,229,238],"evoked":[87],"2-min":[89],"depolarization":[90],"50":[92],"KCl.":[94],"Free":[95],"concentrations,":[97],"determined":[98],"neurites":[100],"somata,":[102],"did":[103],"not":[104,242],"increase":[105,112,138,156],"until":[106],"after":[107],"min.":[109],"neurite":[111],"cellular":[114],"precedes":[116],"cell":[120,239],"somata.":[121],"Release":[122],"partially":[126],"inhibited":[127],"NMDA":[130,221],"receptor":[131,222],"antagonist":[132],"MK-801,":[133],"which":[134,183],"also":[135],"delayed":[136,196],"free":[140],"concentration.":[142],"Prolonging":[143],"period":[145],"6":[149],"10":[151],"produced":[153],"no":[154],"further":[155],"apparently":[159],"exocytotic":[160,209],"component":[161],"release,":[163],"but":[164],"initiated":[165],"an":[166,207],"extensive":[167],"nonexocytotic":[168,212],"amino":[172,185],"acid.":[173],"Studies":[174],"with":[175],"synaptic":[177],"vesicle":[178],"membrane":[179],"probe":[180],"FM1-43":[181],"released":[184],"acid":[186],"removed":[188],"superfusion":[190],"indicated":[191],"Ca2+-dependent":[193],"exocytosis":[194],"system.":[199],"It":[200],"is":[201,218],"concluded":[202],"initiates":[206],"initial":[208],"followed":[210],"former":[217],"facilitated":[219],"activation.":[223],"These":[224],"events":[225],"occur":[226],"cells":[228],"are":[230],"still":[231],"able":[232],"exclude":[234],"propidium":[235],"iodide,":[236],"indicating":[237],"death":[240],"has":[241],"yet":[243],"occurred.":[244]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-10-31T12:09:11.096373","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}