{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089711990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","title":"Fully automatic identification and discrimination of sperm\u2019s parts in microscopic images of stained human semen smear","display_name":"Fully automatic identification and discrimination of sperm\u2019s parts in microscopic images of stained human semen smear","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089711990","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","mag":"2089711990"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=20533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185889707","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1937-6871","issn":["1937-6871","1937-688X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"diamond","oa_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=20533","any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5022323349","display_name":"Ahmad Bijar","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119025939","display_name":"Shahed University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e8ff003","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Bijar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","shahed Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"shahed Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041732184","display_name":"Antonio Pe\u00f1alver","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-2623","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-2623"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I111262870","display_name":"Universitat de Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez d'Elx","ror":"https://ror.org/01azzms13","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Pe\u00f1alver Benavent","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center of Operations Research University Institute Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche , Elche , Spain","[Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche]"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center of Operations Research University Institute Miguel Hern\u00e1ndez University of Elche , Elche , Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"[Universidad Miguel Hernandez de Elche]","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I111262870"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5027464912","display_name":"Mohammad Mikaeili","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-885X","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7245-885X"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119025939","display_name":"Shahed University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e8ff003","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Mikaeili","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","shahed Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"shahed Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035493249","display_name":"Rasoul Mahdavifar Khayati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-0382","observed_orcids":["https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3841-0382"]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I119025939","display_name":"Shahed University","ror":"https://ror.org/01e8ff003","country_code":"IR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}],"countries":["IR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rasoul khayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","shahed Univ"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Biomedical Engineering , Shahed University , Tehran , Iran","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"shahed Univ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I119025939"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.3409,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":52,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.81074161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"05","issue":"07","first_page":"384","last_page":"395"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.4936999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10052","display_name":"Medical Image Segmentation Techniques","score":0.4936999976634979,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12859","display_name":"Cell Image Analysis Techniques","score":0.19679999351501465,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1304","display_name":"Biophysics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/13","display_name":"Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10116","display_name":"Sperm and Testicular Function","score":0.19480000436306,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2743","display_name":"Reproductive Medicine"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-morphology","display_name":"sperm morphology","score":0.8809999823570251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acrosome","display_name":"acrosome","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-nucleus","display_name":"sperm nucleus","score":0.9300000071525574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sperm-midpiece","display_name":"sperm midpiece","score":0.8519999980926514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bayesian-classifier","display_name":"Bayesian classifier","score":0.7879999876022339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectation-maximization-algorithm","display_name":"expectation-maximization algorithm","score":0.8220000267028809},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-random-fields","display_name":"Markov random fields","score":0.9919999837875366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/structural-similarity-index","display_name":"structural similarity index","score":0.9459999799728394},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-entropy","display_name":"local entropy","score":0.8159999847412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/male-infertility","display_name":"male infertility","score":0.8100000023841858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-assisted-sperm-analysis","display_name":"computer-assisted sperm analysis","score":0.6949999928474426}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087480","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17145","display_name":"Sperm","level":2,"score":0.8341667652130127},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5469281673431396},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778093475","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9715","display_name":"Semen","level":2,"score":0.49651628732681274},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.48746681213378906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89600930","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423946","display_name":"Segmentation","level":2,"score":0.4641355872154236},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.43545064330101013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.3543377220630646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3202088177204132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105702510","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q514","display_name":"Anatomy","level":1,"score":0.21807053685188293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.08659014105796814}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=20533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185889707","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1937-6871","issn":["1937-6871","1937-688X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"doi:10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","doi":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.4236/jbise.2012.57049","pdf_url":"http://www.scirp.org/journal/PaperDownload.aspx?paperID=20533","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S185889707","display_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","issn_l":"1937-6871","issn":["1937-6871","1937-688X"],"is_oa":true,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["cwts-core"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310320480","host_organization_name":"Scientific Research Publishing","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310320480"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Scientific Research Publishing"],"type":"journal"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Journal of Biomedical Science and Engineering","raw_type":"journal-article"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089711990.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2089711990.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W51452310","https://openalex.org/W179323378","https://openalex.org/W1490760466","https://openalex.org/W1500058878","https://openalex.org/W1517061766","https://openalex.org/W1537577604","https://openalex.org/W1561375760","https://openalex.org/W1562738151","https://openalex.org/W1606816689","https://openalex.org/W1772040133","https://openalex.org/W1859144010","https://openalex.org/W1882100685","https://openalex.org/W1933178798","https://openalex.org/W1967241124","https://openalex.org/W1975751370","https://openalex.org/W1990408428","https://openalex.org/W2005807842","https://openalex.org/W2009716354","https://openalex.org/W2031679056","https://openalex.org/W2034188015","https://openalex.org/W2073321199","https://openalex.org/W2098200902","https://openalex.org/W2099667433","https://openalex.org/W2114020525","https://openalex.org/W2122287830","https://openalex.org/W2122882636","https://openalex.org/W2123992117","https://openalex.org/W2128146990","https://openalex.org/W2133059825","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2134694731","https://openalex.org/W2150134853","https://openalex.org/W2150329302","https://openalex.org/W2150490197","https://openalex.org/W2150603187","https://openalex.org/W2158155276","https://openalex.org/W2160286274","https://openalex.org/W2163743295","https://openalex.org/W2168745382","https://openalex.org/W2799061466","https://openalex.org/W3158419093","https://openalex.org/W4232632925"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2040270769","https://openalex.org/W1606816689","https://openalex.org/W2150329302","https://openalex.org/W2344364821","https://openalex.org/W2942637157","https://openalex.org/W2943155028","https://openalex.org/W2034815276","https://openalex.org/W1994610202","https://openalex.org/W3033235005","https://openalex.org/W2301434822"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,63,96,233],"the":[1,45,76,124,136,167,183,191,201,220,237,241,263,270,273,284],"last":[2],"years,":[3],"digital":[4],"image":[5,72],"processing":[6],"and":[7,31,112,146,153,173,181,190,250,287],"analysis":[8,43,73],"are":[9,56,121,155,217],"used":[10,133,228,251],"for":[11,105],"computer":[12],"assisted":[13],"evaluation":[14],"of":[15,28,40,47,53,78,87,93,107,114,139,194,203,243,272,278],"semen":[16],"quality":[17],"with":[18,276],"therapeutic":[19],"goals":[20],"or":[21,266],"to":[22,65,134,179,235,255],"estimate":[23],"its":[24],"fertility":[25],"by":[26],"means":[27],"spermatozoid":[29],"motility":[30],"morphology.":[32],"Sperm":[33],"morphology":[34,55,80],"is":[35,91,206,227,248,260],"assessed":[36],"routinely":[37],"as":[38,143,208,252],"part":[39],"standard":[41],"laboratory":[42],"in":[44,75,229],"diagnosis":[46],"human":[48],"male":[49],"infertility.":[50],"Nowadays":[51],"assessments":[52],"sperm":[54,79],"mostly":[57],"done":[58],"based":[59,160,169],"on":[60,123,161,219,262],"subjective":[61],"criteria.":[62],"order":[64,234],"avoid":[66],"subjectivity,":[67],"numerous":[68],"studies":[69],"that":[70],"incorporate":[71],"techniques":[74],"assessment":[77],"have":[81,100],"been":[82],"proposed.":[83],"The":[84],"primary":[85],"step":[86],"all":[88],"these":[89],"methods":[90],"segmentation":[92,106],"sperm\u2019s":[94,108,115,125,140,150,204,221,244,264],"parts.":[95],"this":[97],"paper,":[98],"we":[99],"proposed":[101,274],"a":[102,158,162,198,253,258],"new":[103],"method":[104,159],"Acrosome,":[109,151],"Nucleus,":[110],"Mid-piece":[111,154],"identification":[113],"tail":[116,141,265],"through":[117,157],"some":[118],"points":[119,130],"which":[120,165,216],"placed":[122,218],"tail,":[126,222,245],"accurately.":[127],"These":[128],"estimated":[129,249],"could":[131],"be":[132],"verify":[135],"morphological":[137],"characteristics":[138],"such":[142],"length,":[144],"shape":[145],"etc.":[147],"At":[148],"first,":[149],"Nucleus":[152],"segmented":[156],"Bayesian":[163],"classifier":[164],"utilizes":[166],"entropy":[168,247],"expectation\u2013maximization":[170],"(EM)":[171],"algorithm":[172,238],"Markov":[174],"random":[175],"field":[176],"(MRF)":[177],"model":[178],"obtain":[180],"upgrade":[182],"class":[184],"conditional":[185],"probability":[186,193],"density":[187],"function":[188],"(CCPDF)":[189],"apriori":[192],"each":[195],"class.":[196],"Then,":[197],"pixel":[199],"at":[200,240],"end":[202,242],"Mid-piece,":[205],"selected":[207],"an":[209,230],"initial":[210],"point.":[211],"To":[212,268],"find":[213],"other":[214],"pixels":[215],"structural":[223],"similarity":[224],"index":[225],"(SSIM)":[226],"iterative":[231],"scheme.":[232],"stop":[236],"automatically":[239],"local":[246],"feature":[254],"determine":[256],"if":[257],"point":[259],"located":[261],"not.":[267],"compare":[269],"performance":[271],"approach":[275],"those":[277],"previous":[279],"approaches":[280],"including":[281],"manual":[282],"segmentation,":[283],"Accuracy,":[285],"Sensitivity":[286],"Specificity":[288],"were":[289],"calculated.":[290]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-11-10T11:39:43.021295","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}
