{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2089706133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","title":"Heterogeneous ability, career choice and firm size","display_name":"Heterogeneous ability, career choice and firm size","publication_year":1993,"publication_date":"1993-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2089706133","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","mag":"2089706133"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01516246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"},"volume":null,"type":"article","is_traditional":true,"indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084397080","display_name":"Sharon E. Gifford","orcid":null,"observed_orcids":[]},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102322142","display_name":"Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey","ror":"https://ror.org/05vt9qd57","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Sharon Gifford","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Management, Rutgers University, 180 University Avenue, 07102, Newark, NJ","Graduate School of Management, Rutgers University, Newark#TAB#"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, Rutgers University, 180 University Avenue, 07102, Newark, NJ","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Management, Rutgers University, Newark#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084397080"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102322142"],"apc_list":{"value":3090,"currency":"USD","value_usd":3090},"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":48,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90260641,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":88,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"5","issue":"4","first_page":"249","last_page":"259"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.7573000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12851","display_name":"Firm Innovation and Growth","score":0.7573000192642212,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10058","display_name":"Entrepreneurship Studies and Influences","score":0.11879999935626984,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1405","display_name":"Management of Technology and Innovation"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10393","display_name":"Economic Growth and Productivity","score":0.0568000003695488,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2002","display_name":"Economics and Econometrics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/20","display_name":"Economics, Econometrics and Finance"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ability-heterogeneity","display_name":"ability heterogeneity","score":0.7260000109672546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/entrepreneurial-ability","display_name":"entrepreneurial ability","score":0.9049999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/managerial-skills","display_name":"management skills","score":0.9990000128746033},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/firm-size-distribution","display_name":"firm size distribution","score":0.8889999985694885},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/career-choice","display_name":"career choice","score":0.9200000166893005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/r-d-resource-allocation","display_name":"R&D resource allocation","score":0.5149999856948853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-innovation","display_name":"product innovation","score":0.7799999713897705},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product-improvement","display_name":"product improvement","score":0.6290000081062317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/salaried-employees","display_name":"wage workers","score":0.7829999923706055}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129361004","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2470236","display_name":"Profitability index","level":2,"score":0.754254937171936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84309077","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3908516","display_name":"Entrepreneurship","level":2,"score":0.7107276916503906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781316041","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1230584","display_name":"Diversity (politics)","level":2,"score":0.5705412030220032},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110121322","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q865811","display_name":"Distribution (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5216924548149109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5200795531272888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.5049558281898499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.47835344076156616},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778348673","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q739302","display_name":"Production (economics)","level":2,"score":0.4217604398727417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40700","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1411783","display_name":"Industrial organization","level":1,"score":0.34743764996528625},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175444787","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39072","display_name":"Microeconomics","level":1,"score":0.3406233489513397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.2866126298904419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.05929407477378845},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19165224","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23404","display_name":"Anthropology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C10138342","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43015","display_name":"Finance","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1007/bf01516246","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1007/bf01516246","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S41869786","display_name":"Small Business Economics","issn_l":"0921-898X","issn":["0921-898X","1573-0913"],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":true,"listed_in":["abdc-a","anvur-class-a","anvur-scientific","cwts-core","erih-plus","fnege-2","jufo-2","ki-jl-1","norway-1","poland-140","russia-white-list-1","vabb-shw"],"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/P4310319900","host_organization_name":"Springer Science+Business Media","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/P4310319900","https://openalex.org/P4310319965"],"host_organization_lineage_names":["Springer Science+Business Media","Springer Nature"],"type":"journal"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Small Business Economics","raw_type":"journal-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8","score":0.9340000152587891,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth"}],"study_designs":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":44,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W224375584","https://openalex.org/W580099534","https://openalex.org/W585739524","https://openalex.org/W1500807384","https://openalex.org/W1529673249","https://openalex.org/W1537543935","https://openalex.org/W1566344170","https://openalex.org/W1568553372","https://openalex.org/W1581118322","https://openalex.org/W1599363754","https://openalex.org/W1599403522","https://openalex.org/W1603403890","https://openalex.org/W1895366050","https://openalex.org/W1930435029","https://openalex.org/W1988696045","https://openalex.org/W1993003437","https://openalex.org/W1993191426","https://openalex.org/W1994489647","https://openalex.org/W1994507298","https://openalex.org/W1995242665","https://openalex.org/W1999130476","https://openalex.org/W2031190735","https://openalex.org/W2039810561","https://openalex.org/W2064537293","https://openalex.org/W2072117153","https://openalex.org/W2091951843","https://openalex.org/W2094293652","https://openalex.org/W2096416136","https://openalex.org/W2129432581","https://openalex.org/W2145185408","https://openalex.org/W2325602681","https://openalex.org/W2332071952","https://openalex.org/W2556507681","https://openalex.org/W2735424014","https://openalex.org/W2797009053","https://openalex.org/W2798333534","https://openalex.org/W2949493540","https://openalex.org/W3122373004","https://openalex.org/W3123331292","https://openalex.org/W3124990305","https://openalex.org/W3125262783","https://openalex.org/W4241429862","https://openalex.org/W4286779346","https://openalex.org/W4290016560"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W7097167362","https://openalex.org/W4206167210","https://openalex.org/W3153684630","https://openalex.org/W4299955047","https://openalex.org/W1490688340","https://openalex.org/W1995242665","https://openalex.org/W7029199459","https://openalex.org/W2217359087","https://openalex.org/W2800580436","https://openalex.org/W3193947983"],"abstract_inverted_index":null,"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-11-04T10:54:05.112534","created_date":"2016-06-24T00:00:00"}